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1982—1987年,对全省农田杂草及危害进行了调查研究,取样田3788块,面积约2万亩,获得各类数据约10万个,主要结果是:1.青海农田杂草药182种,隶属35科。出现2级以上危害的91种,出现4级以上严重危害的44种;其中出现频度25%、草害指数5、危害率3%以上的恶性杂草有:野燕麦、密花香薷、苣荬菜、薄蒴草、藜、田旋花、野芥菜、微孔草、萹蓄等9种;在局部地区危害严重的还有10种。2.全省农田杂草总危害为65.0%,测算面积489.2万亩;严重危害27.0%,测算面积203.2万亩。小麦、青稞、油菜三大作物,草害面积401.4万亩,严重危害面积198.6万亩。每年粮油作物减产7769.8万公斤。3.青海农田杂草群落类型约121种,单元群落10种,二元群落28种,多元群落83种。三级以上危苫达1%以上的杂草群落计9种。以野燕麦为优势种和野燕麦加双子叶杂草的群落类型危害最大,3级以上危害平达17.5%。4.青海具有立体农业的特征,在不同的海拔高度,受热、水及田管水平等因素影响,农田杂草及其危害垂直变化明显,可划分为:川水区、浅山区、半浅半脑山区、脑山区、海西和海南垦区、三江源头牧区中的小块农业区等6种类型区。5.依据调查结果对农田杂草防除规划、防除策略、防除措施及预期效果进行了探讨。
1982-1987, the province’s farmland weeds and hazards were investigated, taking 3788 samples, an area of about 20000 acres, access to about 100,000 kinds of data, the main results are: 1. Qinghai farmland weed medicine 182 Species, under 35 subjects. There were 91 species with Grade 2 or above hazard and 44 species with Grade 4 or above serious hazard. Among them, the weeds with frequency 25%, grass damage index 5 and hazard rate 3% were Wild Wild Oatmeal, Brasenia schreberi, thin caulis, quinoa, field Convolvulata, wild mustard, Microporous grass, 萹 savings and other 9 species; in some areas there are 10 kinds of serious harm. 2. The total damage of farmland weeds in the province was 65.0%, with an estimated area of 4.992 million mu, a serious hazard of 27.0% and an estimated area of 2.0202 million mu. Wheat, barley, rapeseed three crops, grassland area of 401.4 mu, a serious damage area of 198.6 mu. The annual output of cereals and oil crops is reduced by 77.698 million kilograms. There were about 121 species of weed community in Qinghai, 10 kinds of unit communities, 28 kinds of dual communities and 83 kinds of multiple communities. There are 9 kinds of weed communities with more than 1% of dangerous level above Grade III. The community type with wild oats as the dominant species and wild oatmeal plus dicotyledonous weeds was the most harmful species, and the hazard level above Grade III was 17.5%. 4. Qinghai has the characteristics of three-dimensional agriculture. Due to the different altitude, heat, water and field control, the vertical changes of weeds and their hazards in farmland are obviously changed. They can be divided into: Chuanshui, Shallow, semi-shallow and semi-shallow Brain Mountain, Brain Mountain, Hercynian and Hainan reclamation area, the source of pastoral Sanjiang small agricultural areas and other six types of areas. Based on the survey results, we discussed the plan of weed control and prevention, the measures of prevention and control and the expected results.