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无论是发生在妊娠期的慢性宫内缺氧,或是发生在分娩期的急性宫内缺氧均可导致胎儿产生宫内窘迫使其神经系统受到不同程度的影响。短期的轻度缺氧可通过脑血管扩张起暂时调节和代偿作用,一般不造成严重的损害,预后较好。当缺氧严重到一定程度时,严重的低血压使脑血管自动调节能力丧失,脑血流量减少不能维持正常的代谢,从而产生神经元坏死造成不可逆的脑损伤。而可能发生智力低下、运动障碍、惊厥或共济失调等神经系统后遗症,严重者可发生大脑瘫痪综合征。Volpe报告1岁以下儿童的脑性瘫痪25～50%是由宫内窒息所致;非进行性运动障碍者中40%与宫内窒息有关。
Whether it is chronic intrauterine hypoxia that occurs during pregnancy, or acute intrauterine hypoxia that occurs during childbirth, fetal distress can cause its nervous system to varying degrees. Short-term mild hypoxia can be temporarily mediated by cerebrovascular expansion and compensatory role, generally do not cause serious damage, the prognosis is better. When severe hypoxia to a certain extent, severe hypotension to cerebral vascular autonomic capacity loss, decreased cerebral blood flow can not maintain normal metabolism, resulting in neuronal necrosis caused irreversible brain injury. And may have mental retardation, dyskinesia, convulsions or ataxia and other nervous system sequelae, severe cerebral palsy syndrome may occur. Volpe reports 25 to 50% of cerebral palsy in children under the age of one due to intrauterine asphyxia; 40% of those with non-progressing dyskinesia are associated with intrauterine asphyxia.