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病毒是一种只含有一种核酸和蛋白质外壳的结构简单的非细胞结构微生物。随着分子生物学的发展，作为重要生物资源，微生物菌(毒)种的保藏价值逐渐得到人们的关注。相对于容易污染微生物的传代法和容易失活的干燥法，低温保藏作为一种便宜、简单、省时的方法，已广泛应用于微生物的保藏当中。但是关于病毒低温保藏的现有研究较少且不深入。基于此，本文根据病毒侵染特定细胞的特性，将病毒分为动物病毒、植物病毒和细菌病毒(噬菌体)，综述保藏温度、低温保护剂以及其它因素对不同种类病毒的低温保藏效果的影响，分析其病毒保藏技术问题及发展趋势，为进一步完善微生物低温保藏的现状研究提供参考。“,”Virus is a kind of simple non-cellular structure microorganism which contains only one nucleic acid and protein shell. With the development of molecular biology, as an important biological resource, the preservation value of microbial strains (viruses) has been paid more and more attention. As a cheap, simple and time-saving method, low temperature preservation has been widely used in the preservation of microorganisms, compared with the passage method and the drying method which is easy to be contaminated by other microorganisms. However, there are few and no in-depth studies on low temperature storage of viruses. Based on this, according to the characteristics of the virus specific cell, the viruses can be divided into animal virus (phage), plant virus and bacterial virus (phages). This article reviews preservation temperature, low temperature protective agent, and other factors on the influence of different kinds of virus effect of low temperature preservation, preservation technology problems and development trend, in order to further improve the microbial status of low temperature preservation research to provide the reference.