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鉴于股份有限公司股东的广泛性与流动性等客观事实,各国公司立法中一般都包含了中小股东保护的特殊条款,以提高中小股东在股份有限公司中的实际地位,防止出现少数大股东利用股份数额的优势操纵公司经营的消极现象。纵观各国公司立法,对中小股东的特殊保护措施主要有以下几项: (一) 确立限制表决权制度。股份有限公司的股东会一般实行“一股一票”表决方式,在“多数规则”(即少数服从多数)的支配下,大股东掌握一定数量的股份(如公司股份总数的50％以上),就可形成表决权的绝对或相对多数状态并达到控制公司决策的目的。为了削弱大股东的这种表决力量,有的国家规定了限制表决权制度,即通过法律或章程规定,对股东表决权的绝对量予以适当的限制。一旦该股东持有股份的表决
In view of the objective facts such as the extensiveness and liquidity of joint-stock limited company shareholders, the legislation of each country generally contains the special provisions for the protection of small and medium-sized shareholders so as to enhance the actual status of minority shareholders in the joint stock limited companies and prevent the minority shareholders from using the shares The advantages of the amount of the negative phenomenon of operating the company. Throughout the legislation of companies in other countries, the special protection measures for minority shareholders include the following: 1. Establishing a system of limiting voting rights. Shareholders’ general meetings of joint stock limited companies generally adopt the “one by one vote” voting method. Under the control of “the majority rule” (that is, a minority obeys majority), a large number of shareholders (such as more than 50% of the total shares of a company) It can form the absolute or relative majority of voting rights and achieve the purpose of controlling the company’s decision-making. In order to weaken this voting power of major shareholders, some countries have stipulated the system of voting restrictions, that is, by law or by-laws, the absolute amount of voting rights of shareholders should be appropriately restricted. Once the shareholder has a vote on the shares