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在近代科学技术发展的初期,科学是在社会上层结构中产生的,被视为高层次的知识;而当时技术大都产生于工匠,更多是经验性的,被视为低层次的知识。这也有历史遗留的影响,例如中国古代视技术为“雕虫小技”;从古代希腊罗马直至文艺复兴开始时,科学与哲学属于自由民,沿称“自由层知识(Libreal Arts)”;而技术沿称“奴隶层知识(Servile Arts)”,属于奴隶层。因此,许多国家的科学院建立较早。以后,特别是二次大战以来,为经济的飞跃发展所促进,工
In the early days of the development of science and technology in modern times, science was produced in the social superstructure and regarded as high-level knowledge. At that time, most of the techniques originated from artisans and were more experienced and regarded as low-level knowledge. For example, in ancient China, the technique of “carving insects” was considered. From ancient Greece and Rome until the beginning of the Renaissance, science and philosophy belonged to Liberal People along the line of “Libreal Arts.” According to the technology, “Servile Arts” belongs to the slave level. Therefore, the science academies in many countries were established earlier. Since then, especially since the Second World War, it has been promoted by the rapid economic development