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间接利用与直接利用的区别鲍宗豪:与直接利用外资相比,间接利用外资是一种较高级的利用外资形式。直接利用外资是指外商以货币资金、生产资料或技术专利等形态,折合成一定数额的有形资本,投放于各种项目,通过有效运作,创造财富,使投资者获得预期的收益和利润,其主要特征是投资者参与企业的经营和管理。我国目前大多数开发区都是以直接利用外资的形式,如中外合资、中外合作、外商独资,吸收和利用外资。而间接利用外资投资者则是以债权性投资方式吸引外资,投资者以货币资金投入或购买股票、债券,票据,债权等形式,以取得投资收益,而筹资者则利用多种金融工具,将筹集的资金投入到生产和建设项目中,从而取得预期收益。何兴刚:间接利用外资和直接利用外资的区别是显而易见的。直接利用外资注重于投资的短期回报率,而间接利用外资则注重投资的预期回报率;在利润和项目控制权的分配中,直接投资者介入两者,而间接投资者主要是追求高回报率;直接投资是投资者对不成熟市场经济国家或地区的主要投资形式,它关注的是引资国或地区优惠政策、廉价劳动力和丰富资源,因为它能带来较高的投资回报率。而间接投资者看重的是受资国或地区市场经济的成熟度、法规的成熟度和市场规则的被有效执行,因而它是对成熟的市场经济国家或地区的主要投资形式。康慧军:国际经验表明,凡是在国际竞争力方面提升迅速的国家或地区,基本上是以利用间接投资方式为主。这是因为间接利用外资可以使受资国或地区根据自己的产业规划、技术升级战略购买本国或地区所需的生产技术、工艺设备,从而促进产业升级,提高国际竟争力,加快自身工业化和现代化进程。因此,能否变直接利用外资为间接利用外资,能否把招商引资同产业结构调整和产业结构升级结合起来,就成为引资国或地区经济成熟度的一个标志。
Indirect use and direct use of the difference Bao Zonghao: Compared with the direct use of foreign capital, the indirect use of foreign capital is a higher form of use of foreign capital. The direct use of foreign capital means that foreign investors, in the form of monetary funds, means of production or technology patents, are converted into a certain amount of physical capital and put into various projects to create wealth through effective operation so that investors can obtain the expected benefits and profits. The main feature is that investors participate in the operation and management of enterprises. At present, most development zones in our country are in the form of direct use of foreign capital, such as Sino-foreign joint ventures, Sino-foreign cooperation and wholly foreign-owned enterprises, and the absorption and utilization of foreign investment. Indirect use of foreign investors, on the other hand, attracts foreign investment by means of debt-based investment. Investors invest or buy stocks, bonds, notes and claims in the form of monetary funds in order to obtain investment returns. However, fundraisers use a variety of financial instruments to convert Raised funds into production and construction projects, so as to obtain the expected benefits. He Xingang: Indirect use of foreign capital and the direct use of foreign capital is obvious. The direct use of foreign investment pays attention to the short-term rate of return of investment while the indirect use of foreign capital pays attention to the expected rate of return on investment. In the allocation of profit and project control right, direct investors intervene in both, while indirect investors mainly pursue high rate of return ; Direct investment is the main investment form for investors in countries or regions with immature market economy. Its focus is on attracting foreign capital or regional preferential policies, cheap labor and abundant resources because it can bring about a high return on investment. However, indirect investors value the maturity of the market economy in the country or region, the maturity of laws and regulations and the effective implementation of market rules. Therefore, it is the main form of investment in a mature market economy country or region. Kang Huijun: International experience shows that countries or regions that are rapidly increasing their international competitiveness are basically using indirect investment. This is because the indirect use of foreign investment can enable the beneficiary countries or regions to purchase the production technology and process equipment required by their own country or region according to their own industrial planning and technology upgrading strategies so as to promote industrial upgrading, enhance their international competitiveness and speed up their own industrialization The process of modernization. Therefore, whether we can make direct use of foreign capital to indirectly utilize foreign investment, and whether we can combine investment promotion with industrial restructuring and upgrading of the industrial structure, will become a sign of the economic maturity of the foreign investors or regions.