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目的:探讨早期干预对小儿气质及智能发育的影响。方法:采用随机兼自愿的原则,将正常儿童分为干预组和对照组,干预组由医护人员和幼师直接干预训练及改善父母的认识、态度的方式来实施,对照组仅气质测评后作常规指导及体格检查。1年后对两组小儿进行气质、发育商的检测。结果:干预后两组小儿气质维度比较,3~4月组趋避性、适应性有显著意义(P<0.05)。5~11月组节律性、情绪本质,差异有非常显著性(P<0.01),趋避性、适应性、注意分散度差异有显著性(P<0.05)。11~15月组节律性差异有非常显著性(P<0.01),趋避性、反应强度、持久性差异有显著性(P<0.05)。干预组小儿在大运动、精细运动、适应能力、语言、社交行为5个方面的发育商均有显著提高,其中发育商、语言、精细运动的差异有非常显著性(P<0.01),大运动、适应能力差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论:早期干预可促使小儿气质向良性发展及促进幼儿的智能发育。
Objective: To investigate the effect of early intervention on the temperament and intelligence of children. Methods: According to the principle of randomness and voluntariness, normal children were divided into intervention group and control group. The intervention group was directly trained by medical staff and kindergarten teachers and the parents’ awareness and attitude were improved. General guidance and physical examination. After 1 year on the two groups of children temperament, development testing. Results: After intervention, the two children’s temperament dimensions were more evasive than those in the third to fourth months. The adaptability was significant (P <0.05). From May to November, there were significant differences in rhythmicity and emotional essence (P <0.01). There was significant difference in avoidance, adaptability and attentional dispersion (P <0.05). There was significant difference in rhythmicity between 11 and 15 months (P <0.01), and there was a significant difference between the two groups in duration of remission, reaction intensity and persistence (P <0.05). Children in the intervention group had significantly increased developmental quotient in five aspects: big exercise, fine exercise, adaptability, language and social behavior, among which, the difference of developmental quotient, language and elaborate exercise was significant (P <0.01) , There was significant difference in adaptability (P <0.05). Conclusion: Early intervention can promote the development of pediatric temperament and promote the intelligent development of young children.