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本文通过阐明中西医对小儿腹泻的相关理论及治疗,分析舒兰教授分别运用藿香正气散加减、葛根芩连汤加减、七味白术散加减及附子理中汤加减辨证论治治疗小儿风寒泻、湿热泻、脾虚泻、脾肾阳虚泻的3个代表性验案,总结舒兰教授治疗小儿腹泻的理法方药特点,为中医药治疗小儿腹泻提供经验借鉴.小儿腹泻的发病病因及病机有其特点,中医药治疗小儿腹泻具有独特优势,在辨证论治的基础上,根据病机寒热虚实变化加减用药不仅能提高小儿腹泻的临床疗效,还能减少小儿抗生素相关性腹泻的发病率.“,”This paper aims to clarify the theory of Chinese medicine for treating infant diarrhea by analyzing Professor Lan Shu's three representative cases of treating cold diarrhea,damp heat diarrhea,spleen diarrhea,and spleen and kidney deficiency diarrhea in infants with Huoxiang Zhengqi powder addition and subtraction,Gegen Qinlian decoction,Qiwei Baizhu powder addition and subtraction,and Fuzilizhong decoction.Due to the characteristics of the etiology and pathogenesis of infant diarrhea,Chinese medicine has a unique advantage in treating infant diarrhea.Based on the syndrome differentiation and according to the pathogenesis of cold and heat changes,adding or subtracting traditional Chinese medicine not only improves the clinical cure rate of infant diarrhea effectively,but also reduces the incidence of antibioticassociated diarrhea.