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为制备粒径均一、分散性良好的的纳米纤维素,采用硫酸溶胀和高强度超声相结合的方法对棉浆粕进行处理。采用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射仪和热重分析对纳米纤维素进行表征。结果表明:制备的纳米纤维素呈针状晶须结构,直径为10~30nm,长度为100~300nm。纳米纤维素在制备过程中纤维素结构并未遭到破坏,纳米纤维素的结晶度为83.87%,呈典型的纤维素Ⅰ型结构。纳米纤维素的起始分解温度较原料浆粕大大降低,其热稳定性比原料浆粕差,残炭率高于原料浆粕。
In order to prepare nanocellulose with uniform particle size and good dispersion, cotton pulp was treated by a combination of sulfuric acid swelling and high-intensity ultrasound. Nanocellulose was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis. The results show that the prepared nanocellulose has acicular whisker structure with a diameter of 10-30 nm and a length of 100-300 nm. The cellulose structure of the nanocellulose was not damaged in the preparation process. The crystallinity of the nanocellulose was 83.87%, showing typical cellulose type I structure. The initial decomposition temperature of nanocellulose is much lower than that of raw material pulp. The thermal stability of nanocellulose is worse than that of raw material pulp, and the residual carbon rate is higher than that of raw material pulp.