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《老乞大》是旧时朝鲜人学习汉语的教科书,全书采用会话形式,一律用当时中国北方的口语写作,为近代中国研究和汉语研究的珍贵文献。笔者阅读了元代本《原本老乞大》,发现书中的词汇以及语法颇具特点,和普通话相比有着很大的区别,但却与现代陕北方言有异曲同工之处。尤其值得一提的是,《老乞大》中有很多口头用语,有的流传至今仍在使用,如“点心”“烧饼”等,而有些词语则随着岁月的流逝已经成为历史,普通话和很多方言中已经极少使用,一般的工具中也没有相关解释,因此在我们阅读和理解的过程中产生了不少困难。但是,这些词语如今还被陕北人在口语中大量使用着,因此看起来生僻的词语其实并不难以理解。笔者在此举若干例子,希望有助于近代汉语及对外汉语教学历史的研究。
Old Begging is a textbook used by old Koreans to learn Chinese, which is written in a conversational form. It was written in the colloquial language of northern China at that time and was a precious document for the study of modern China and Chinese. The author read the Yuan dynasty, “the original begging big” and found that the book vocabulary and grammar quite characteristic, and compared to Mandarin has a very big difference, but with modern northern Shaanxi dialect similarities and differences. What is worth mentioning is that there are many verbal expressions in Lao Begida, some of which are still in use today, such as “dim sum” and “sesame seed”, while some words have become as time goes by History, Putonghua, and many dialects are rarely used and there are no relevant explanations in common tools. As a result, many difficulties have arisen in our reading and comprehension. However, these words are now also widely used by people in northern Shaanxi in their spoken language, so it seems that uncommon words are not difficult to understand. I give a few examples here, hoping to contribute to the study of the history of modern Chinese and teaching Chinese as a foreign language.