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多种革兰阴性菌在其对数生长期可产生外膜泡。它是外膜的最新合成部分,不含肽聚糖、内膜和细胞质成分。其主要化学成分是脂多糖,外膜泡的形成与脱落实质是活菌释放内毒素的一种方式。此外,它还能作为一些细菌毒素的载体。外膜泡具有蛋白水解酶活性,能增强细菌的粘附力,并赋予细菌抵抗宿主血清杀菌的能力。它还具有防御作用,细菌通过释放外膜泡可摆脱吸附的噬菌体。外膜泡的多种生物学活性使细菌的致病性大大增强,是一种重要的毒力因子。
A variety of Gram-negative bacteria in its logarithmic growth phase can produce outer membrane vesicles. It is the latest synthetic part of the outer membrane, free of peptidoglycan, endometrial and cytoplasmic components. The main chemical composition of the lipopolysaccharide, the formation of outer membrane vesicles and exfoliation is essentially a way of living endotoxin release. In addition, it serves as a carrier for some bacterial toxins. Outer membrane vesicles have proteolytic enzyme activity that enhances bacterial adhesion and confers bacterial resistance to the ability of the host serum to sterilize. It also has a defensive role, and bacteria release the adsorbed phage by releasing the outer membrane vesicles. A variety of biological activity of outer membrane so that the bacterial pathogenicity greatly enhanced, is an important virulence factor.