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引进国外小麦品种资源,是直接利用国外育种成果为当地生产及育种服务的有效措施,对当地的小麦生产和育种工作有着重要影响。建国三十多年来,通过征集小麦原始材料,每年引入国外普通小麦品种百余份,不仅筛选、鉴定出经济性状突出,适应性强的品种,在生产上直接利用,而且有些品种具有抗锈性强(特别是抗条锈的材料)、穗大粒多、早熟、矮秆、优质、高产、耐寒、耐旱等局部优良性状,用这些偏材作为杂交亲本,育成了一些优良新品种,在生产上推广利用后,起到了一定的增产作用。下面就国外普通小麦在我区的直接利用,天然变异的选择,杂交育种中的利用情况谈谈个人的粗浅看法。
The introduction of foreign wheat germplasm resources is an effective measure to directly utilize the overseas breeding achievements for local production and breeding services and has an important impact on the local wheat production and breeding. Thirty years since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, through collecting the raw materials of wheat, we introduced over 100 foreign common wheat varieties annually, not only screening and identifying varieties with prominent economic traits and strong adaptability, but also direct utilization in production and some varieties have anti-rust (Especially stripe rust resistant materials), spike large grains, precocious, dwarf, high quality, high yield, cold resistance, drought tolerance and other local excellent traits. With these partial materials as hybrid parents, some fine new varieties were bred After promoting the use of production, it has played a certain role in increasing production. The following general foreign direct use of wheat in our region, the choice of natural variation, the use of hybrid breeding talk about the individual’s superficial view.