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一.X 染色体链的多态性是遗传学的标记遗传学标记在阐述造血肿瘤的起源和细胞系的关系中起着重要的作用,它分两种类型:一种是出现在肿瘤之前,对肿瘤来说是外源的;另一种对特殊克隆来说是内源的,并且不出现在其他细胞。后者包括非随机的染色体异常、DNA 位点的突变、等位基因的丢失、获得独有的融合基因和与正常分化有关的基因改变,如免疫球蛋白和T 细胞受体基因的重排。已证明在分析肿瘤的发生上,内外标记相结合的方法是很重要的。对肿瘤发生的克隆研究,外源性标记是非常有用的。在女性体细胞中的两条X 染色体,其中一条大部分无活性。因为在XX 女性细胞中两条X 染色
A polymorphism in the X chromosome chain is a genetic marker Genetics markers in the elucidation of the origin of hematopoietic tumors and cell lines play an important role in the relationship, which is divided into two types: one is before the tumor, the The tumor is exogenous; the other is endogenous to a particular clone and does not appear in other cells. The latter includes non-random chromosomal abnormalities, mutations in DNA sites, loss of alleles, access to unique fusion genes and genetic alterations associated with normal differentiation, such as rearrangements of immunoglobulin and T cell receptor genes. It has been shown that the combination of internal and external markers is important in the analysis of tumorigenesis. For tumor cloning studies, exogenous markers are very useful. Two X chromosomes in female somatic cells, one of the most inactive. Because of two X-staining in XX female cells