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大国获得海外石油权益的基本目标是希望能够顺利进入、分享石油资源,理想目标则是能够逐步稳定、扩大既有的石油开采权益。大国分享石油资源的关键在于能否有效降低竞争对手(包括先进入国家和其他后进入国家)的抵制,争取资源拥有国的支持。从中国能源外交的实践来看,有限分流是成功分享海外石油权益最为重要的战略,而有效化解竞争对手干扰的主要策略包括限制收益和借助矛盾。在实现基本目标后,大国若想稳定甚至扩大既有的石油开发权益,关键因素则在于提高本国对于油气资源区域的影响力。对中国来说,提高对油气资源区域国家影响力的主要途径包括保持良好的政治经济关系和提高开发效率,而很少通过向资源拥有方提供安全保护来拓展海外石油利益,这主要源于中国目前的实力特征和整体对外战略取向。
The basic goal of a large country in gaining overseas oil interests is to hopefully enter and share oil resources. The ideal goal is to gradually stabilize and expand the existing interest in oil exploration. The crux of the sharing of oil resources by major powers lies in their ability to effectively reduce the resistance of their competitors (including those entering the country first and others later) and gain the support of resource-owner countries. From the perspective of China’s energy diplomacy, limited diversion is the most important strategy for the successful sharing of overseas oil interests. The main strategies for effectively resolving competitors’ interference include limiting income and contradicting them. After achieving their basic goals, if the big countries want to stabilize and even expand their existing interest in oil development, the key factor lies in raising the country’s influence on the area of oil and gas resources. For China, the main ways to improve the country’s influence on oil and gas resources areas include maintaining good political and economic relations and improving development efficiency, while seldom expanding overseas oil interests by providing security for resource owners, mainly due to China The current strength and overall foreign strategic orientation.