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A high precision method used for on-spot calibration of distributed stereo reference position Setting is pre-sented. The high measuring accuracy in stereo reference calibration is derived from using a high precision water level in-strument and an accurate height vernier caliper. It settles the problem of reference calibration effectively and accurately,without using large coordinate measuring machines (CMM). It is more adaptable and precise than traditional calibrationmethods applying theodolites or autocollimators. The error sources of this method are analyzed in detail and severalmethods are developed to eliminate the calibration error. An optimizing swallowtail-like anchor target is developed. Ex-periments show that the calibration accuracy can be limited within 0.06 mm in the range of 3～5 m and 0.03 mm withoptimizing anchor target. This method can be widely used in on-spot calibration.