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疏散是应急管理的重要内容。区域性疏散涉及到大批车辆的集体性出行,为保证疏散的安全、有序,有必要在疏散规划中合理规定源点车辆的分批次出发时间和路线安排。以往大量研究将疏散路线和出发时间的优化描述为动态网络流优化问题。但在这些模型中,交通流的一个重要特征却没有得到合理反映,即路段走行时间等路网特征的变化不但与时间有关,还依赖于路段或路网的交通负荷。本文提出了一个动态系统最优的疏散路线与出发时间综合优化模型,其中采用基于加载仿真的非解析式子表示流量传播约束,通过其反映路段走行时间随道路负荷变化的实际。设计了基于加载仿真的启发式算法,并给出了一个数值算例。
Evacuation is an important part of emergency management. Regional evacuation involves the collective travel of a large number of vehicles. In order to ensure the safety and orderliness of evacuation, it is necessary to rationally stipulate the batch departure time and route arrangement of the source vehicles in evacuation planning. In the past a large number of studies described the optimization of evacuation route and departure time as the dynamic network flow optimization problem. However, in these models, an important characteristic of traffic flow is not properly reflected. That is, the change of the road network characteristics such as the travel time of the road section is not only related with time but also depends on the traffic load of the road section or road network. In this paper, a dynamic system optimal evacuation route and departure time comprehensive optimization model is proposed, in which a non-analytical sub-representation flow propagation constraint based on load simulation is adopted, which reflects the actual time when the road link travel time changes with the road load. A heuristic algorithm based on loading simulation is designed and a numerical example is given.