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通常,化学喷雾有一定效果但效率不很高,正确认识喷雾的有关因素将有利于提高药效。本文综述了雾径和喷雾量对除草剂药效的影响。在所研究的雾径范围内,喷雾量一定时,减小雾径一般有利于提高药效。内吸性药剂的这种现象比触杀性药剂更为明显。对典型垂直扩展的单子叶植物,在雾径<150μm范围内,缩小雾滴对提高药效比较明显;而在雾径>150μm时,这种趋势就没有前者明显。总的来说,典型垂直扩展的单子叶植物与典型水平扩展的双子叶植物相比,减小雾滴对药效的提高前者更为突出,而且,在叶表疏水性植物和叶表亲水性植物之间,减小雾滴对药效的提高也是前者高于后者。喷雾量对药效的影响并不能一概而论,在低容量喷雾时(<100L/ha),药效随喷雾量的减少而降低,而高容量喷雾时(>400L/ha),则呈相反趋势。对草甘膦而言,减少喷雾量却增强其对植物影响,但对其他除草剂来讲则减弱其对植物影响。喷雾量对内吸性和触杀性药剂的影响没什么区别,对单子叶和双子叶植物亦然。然而,对叶表展着性差的植物,减少喷雾量则可明显提高药效。而对叶表展着性好的植物,这种现象没有前者明显。本文还将讨论其他因素(作物冠层、雾滴碰撞、滞留时间、叶面吸收和生物学感应)对除草剂药效的影响。
In general, the chemical spray has a certain effect but the efficiency is not very high. The correct understanding of the relevant factors of the spray will help to improve the efficacy. This article reviews the effects of fogging and spray volume on herbicidal efficacy. In the study of the diameter of the fog range, a certain amount of spray, reduce the fog diameter is generally conducive to improving efficacy. This phenomenon of systemic agents is more pronounced than that of contact agents. For typical vertical expansion of monocotyledon, narrowing the droplet in the range of <150μm in fog diameter has obvious effect on improving the drug efficacy. However, when the diameter is 150μm, the former is not obvious. In general, the typical vertical expansion of monocotyledonous plants compared with the typical horizontal expansion of dicotyledon, reducing the droplet on the efficacy of the former is more prominent, and, in the leaf surface of the hydrophobic plant and leaf surface hydrophilic Between the sexual plants, reducing the droplet on the efficacy of the former is also higher than the latter. The effect of spray volume on drug efficacy can not be generalized. At low volume spray (<100 L / ha), the efficacy decreases with decreasing spray volume, whereas the high volume spray (> 400 L / ha) shows the opposite trend. For glyphosate, reducing the spray volume increases its impact on plants, but for other herbicides it diminishes its impact on plants. The amount of spray has no difference in the effects of internal and opiate agents, nor is it true for monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. However, plants that exhibit poor leaf properties can significantly improve efficacy by reducing the spray volume. On the leaf table good display of plants, this phenomenon is not obvious. This article will also discuss the effects of other factors (crop canopy, droplet collisions, residence time, foliar uptake, and biological induction) on the herbicide efficacy.