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目的:电磁脉冲辐射(electromagnetic pulse,EMP)可以引起中枢神经系统(CNS)损伤和神经行为学的改变。因此,研究EMP对CNS短期的生物学效应具有重要意义。方法:本文通过电子显微镜技术和Morris水迷宫技术,研究了场强为400 kV/m,脉冲为200次的EMP辐射后短时间内对大鼠皮层神经元超微结构及空间学习记忆能力的影响。结果:辐照射后6 h的大鼠皮层神经元超微结构显示,神经元胞核内异染色质增多;核膜有不同程度凹陷、破损及皱缩。胞质内有明显的线粒体肿胀;胞内粗面内质网呈囊性变、脱颗粒。EMP辐射后24 h时,部分神经元出现染色质浓集、边移,甚至细胞核明显皱缩而失去结构,类似凋亡细胞特点,并有凋亡小体出现。Morris水迷宫结果显示,与正常对照组相比,EMP损伤后,大鼠逃避潜伏期明显延长(P<0.05);动物在平台象限停留时间明显缩短(P<0.01)。结论:400 kV/m的EMP可引起大脑皮层神经元超微结构发生损伤,且导致实验动物空间学习记忆能力的下降。
PURPOSE: Electromagnetic pulse (EMP) can cause changes of central nervous system (CNS) damage and neurobehavioral changes. Therefore, the study of EMP short-term biological effects of CNS is of great significance. Methods: The effects of EMP radiation with a field intensity of 400 kV / m and a pulse of 200 pulses on the ultrastructure and spatial learning and memory of rat cortical neurons were studied by means of electron microscopy and Morris water maze. . Results: The ultrastructure of rat cortical neurons at 6 h after irradiation showed that the heterochromatin in the nucleus of neurons increased. The nuclear membrane had different degrees of depression, damage and shrinkage. Cytoplasm obvious mitochondrial swelling; cytoplasmic rough endoplasmic reticulum cystic change, degranulation. At 24 h after EMP irradiation, some neurons showed chromatin condensation and edge shift, and even the nucleus was obviously collapsed and lost its structure, which was similar to the characteristics of apoptotic cells with appearance of apoptotic bodies. Morris water maze results showed that compared with the normal control group, the escape latency of rats was significantly prolonged (P <0.05) after EMP injury; the residence time of the animals in the platform quadrant was significantly shorter (P <0.01). CONCLUSION: EMP at 400 kV / m can damage the ultrastructure of neurons in the cerebral cortex and lead to the decrease of spatial learning and memory in experimental animals.