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目的了解2012年开封市狂犬病疫情流行特征及狂犬病暴露人群的分布特征,评价预防处置效果,为采取针对性的防控措施提供依据。方法收集“疾病监测信息报告管理系统”所报告的2012年开封市狂犬病的数据和各狂犬病门诊登记的所有狂犬病暴露人员情况,并进行汇总分析。结果开封市2012年狂犬病的发病率为0.21/10万,病例以农村居多,主要为60岁以下的的散居儿童和农民,狂犬病年平均暴露率为57.10/万。暴露人群中男性多于女性,16~45岁年龄组暴露数最多,7—9月份狂犬病暴露人员较多。伤口部位主要在四肢,下肢暴露最多,98.73%的暴露人员受伤后曾进行过伤口处理,致伤动物以犬为主。结论开封市狂犬病暴露强度处于较高的水平,成为一个较严重的公共卫生问题,狂犬病的防控重点是农村地区的散居儿童和农民。预防暴露以及暴露后的规范处置对防制狂犬病具有重要意义,狂犬病的防制需要综合的防制策略,政府牵头多部门联防联控,普及狂犬病防治知识,增强广大群众的自我防护意识,做好犬、猫等致伤动物的管理和免疫。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of rabies and the population distribution of rabies in Kaifeng City in 2012 and evaluate the effect of prevention and treatment so as to provide basis for taking targeted prevention and control measures. Methods The data of rabies in Kaifeng in 2012 reported by Disease Surveillance Information Reporting Management System and all rabies exposed persons registered in rabies clinics were collected and analyzed. Results The incidence of rabies in Kaifeng in 2012 was 0.21 / 100,000. The majority of cases were in rural areas, mainly scattered children and peasants below 60 years old. The average annual rabies exposure rate was 57.10 / million. More men than women were exposed, with the highest exposure in the 16-45 age group and more rabies exposure in July-September. Wounds mainly in the limbs, lower limbs exposed the most, 98.73% of the exposed personnel had wounds after treatment, animal injuries to dogs. Conclusion The exposure intensity of rabies in Kaifeng City is at a high level and becomes a serious public health problem. The focus of prevention and control of rabies is scattered children and peasants in rural areas. Prevention of exposure and normative disposal after exposure are of great significance for the prevention of rabies. Rabies prevention requires a comprehensive prevention and control strategy. The government takes the lead in multisectoral prevention and control and popularizes rabies prevention and control knowledge so as to enhance the awareness of the general public on self-protection. Dogs, cats and other animal injury management and immunization.