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在马克思的诸多经典文献中,尽管没有关于生态伦理的直接表述,但是在自由观思想中却体现了一系列生态伦理意蕴。人的自由和解放是马克思终身奋斗的伟大事业和不朽的追求。马克思认为自由是对必然的认识和对客观世界的改造。但是,在工业社会人们对自由的误用、科技的滥用以及资本主义制度对自由的实现造成了阻碍,并产生了严重的生态危机。因而重温马克思的自由观思想,既是解决生态危机的需要,也是实现人、社会与自然的和谐发展的必然要求。针对这些问题,积极寻求其解决问题对策,如转变自由观念、促进科技进步、变革社会制度显得尤为必要。
In many of Marx’s classic documents, although there is no direct expression of ecological ethics, it embodies a series of ecological ethical implications in the concept of freedom. Human freedom and liberation are the great cause of Marx’s lifelong struggle and the immortal pursuit. Marx believes that freedom is the necessary understanding and the transformation of the objective world. However, in the industrialized world, people’s misuse of freedom, the abuse of science and technology, and the capitalist system have hindered the realization of freedom and have created a serious ecological crisis. To review Marx’s concept of freedom concept is not only the need to solve the ecological crisis but also the necessary requirement for the harmonious development of people, society and nature. In view of these problems, it is necessary to actively seek solutions to the problems, such as changing the concept of freedom, promoting scientific and technological progress and reforming the social system.