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目的探讨大气污染与出生缺陷即先天性心脏病(以下简称先心病)之间是否具有相关性。方法以妊娠期间居住于沈阳市、末次月经位于2006年1月1日—2010年12月31日且分娩先心病缺陷患儿的孕产妇共计842例为研究对象,利用病例对照研究分析妊娠妇女在妊娠前后暴露于大气污染物中与分娩先心病患儿之间的关系。结果沈阳市属中国大气污染较为严重的地区,每年的1—3月、11、12月是各污染物浓度均较高的时期,其中SO_2浓度最高时达到145.9μg/m~3,NO_2为541.4μg/m~3,PM10为163.6μg/m~3,每年的7月是SO_2、NO_2浓度较低的时期,SO_2为22μg/m~3,NO_2为27.2μg/m~3,PM10浓度最低月份在8月,为90.6μg/m~3,每月间污染物浓度差异有统计学意义。分娩先心病患儿孕妇在妊娠前2、3个月的SO_2暴露均值高于对照组,在妊娠第2、3个月的NO_2暴露均值高于对照组,妊娠前1、2、3个月、妊娠第1、2、3个月的所在地区PM10平均暴露浓度均高于对照组,且差异有统计学意义。结论妊娠妇女孕前3个月及妊娠早期应避免暴露于大气污染物浓度较高的地区,因其可能会诱发胎儿先心病的发生。
Objective To investigate whether there is a correlation between air pollution and birth defects, congenital heart disease (hereinafter referred to as CHD). Methods The pregnant women who lived in Shenyang during pregnancy, the last menstrual period was from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2010, and 842 pregnant women with childbirth defects in congenital heart disease were selected as the research object. The relationship between exposure to atmospheric pollutants before and after pregnancy and children with congenital heart disease during childbirth. Results Shenyang was one of the most seriously polluted areas in China. From January to March, November and December each year, Shenyang had a high concentration of pollutants. The highest concentration of SO 2 reached 145.9 μg / m 3 and the NO 2 was 541.4 μg / m ~ 3 and PM10 was 163.6μg / m ~ 3 respectively. July was SO_2 and the concentration of NO_2 was low. SO_2 was 22μg / m ~ 3, NO_2 was 27.2μg / m ~ In August, it was 90.6μg / m ~ 3, the monthly difference in the concentration of pollutants was statistically significant. In pregnant women with childbirths with congenital heart disease, the mean values of SO_2 exposure in pregnant women at 2 and 3 months of gestation were higher than those in the control group. The mean exposure to NO 2 at 2 and 3 months of gestation was higher than that of the control group. The average exposure concentration of PM10 in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd month of gestation was higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion Pregnant women should avoid exposure to areas with high concentrations of air pollutants 3 months before pregnancy and early pregnancy as they may induce fetal congenital heart disease.