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1876年Burdon等从注射剂中发现致热物命名为热原。Hort and Siebert(1921～1923)认为致热物来自革兰氏阴性细菌内毒素,每公斤家兔静注约0.001μg或1000个死菌体便引起热原反应。L(?)deritz等(1966)从分子水平提出细菌内毒素的主要毒性和致热成分是细菌脂多糖(Lipopolysaccharid,简称LPS)。当今,热原的概念主要是指革兰氏阴性细菌内毒素的活性部分脂多糖。药品热原绝大部分来自细菌脂多糖。由于在制药过程中受到加热高压、酸硷处理等理化因素作用,大分子脂多糖已进行着不同程度降解,最后存于药品的热原实际上大多数是脂多糖离解物,致热活性也有不同程度的降低。也有将细菌内毒素称为外热原,将机体细胞产生的热原如自细胞热原(LP)称为内热原。白细胞热原是一种内热肽,分子量较小,约25000,引起发热但
In 1876, Burdon et al. Found that the pyrogen was named as pyrogen from the injection. Hort and Siebert (1921 ~ 1923) that the pyrogen is derived from gram-negative bacterial endotoxin, per kg of rabbit intravenous injection of about 0.001μg or 1000 dead cells cause pyrogen reaction. L? (?) Deritz et al (1966) proposed from the molecular level of bacterial endotoxins the main toxicity and pyrogen component is the bacterial lipopolysaccharide (Lipopolysaccharid, referred to as LPS). Today, the concept of pyrogen mainly refers to the active fraction lipopolysaccharide of gram-negative bacterial endotoxins. The vast majority of pyrogen originates from bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Due to the heating and high pressure in the pharmaceutical process, acid and alkali treatment and other physical and chemical factors, the role of macromolecules lipopolysaccharide has been carried out to varying degrees of degradation, and finally the pyrogen stored in the drug most of the actual lipopolysaccharide dissociation, thermal activity is also different The degree of reduction. Bacterial endotoxin is also known as exogenous pyrogen, the pyrogen produced by the body cells, such as from the cellular pyrogen (LP) called endogenous pyrogen. Leukocyte prolactin is an endogenous heat peptide, a small molecular weight of about 25,000, causing fever