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清代华北平原水患多发,严重的水患影响到华北平原村落的发展及村落之间的社会联系。研究发现,水患背景下的村落变迁,一方面表现为迁移即相对位置的改变,另一方面表现为村落的分合,而以分裂为主,即村落数量上的增加,体现出其不断孽生外扩的特点。村落合并或另建新村落引起的村落名称改变,充分体现了水患对华北平原村落的影响以及人类在水患背景下对生活和自然环境的态度,反映了村民在面对水患环境时的内心世界和积极向上的处世态度。为应对水患,沿河村落修建的堤防或寨堡等防水设施,客观上加深了村落居民之间的联系及村落内聚,这种内涵上的内聚与村落数量上的裂变增多并行不悖,是华北平原村落演变的重要特征之一。
In the Qing Dynasty, floods in the North China Plain were frequent and serious flooding affected the development of the villages in the North China Plain and the social links between the villages. The study found that village changes in the context of floods, on the one hand the performance of the relocation of the relative position of the change, on the other hand the performance of the village division, and to split the main, that is, the increase in the number of villages, reflecting its continuous development Expansion of the characteristics. The changes of village names caused by the merger of villages or establishment of new villages fully reflect the impact of floods on the villages in North China Plain and the attitudes of human beings to the living and natural environment in the context of floods and reflect the inner world and activeness of villagers in the face of flooding Upward attitude toward the world. In order to cope with floods, the water conservancy facilities such as embankments or forts built along the villages of the rivers have objectively deepened the connection among the residents in the villages and the cohesion of the villages. The cohesion in this connotation is consistent with the fission in the number of villages. One of the important features of the evolution of the plains village.