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脑缺氧与脑水肿是临床抢救常遇到的危重病症,应当机立断采取紧急有效的措施,以防止其发展。否则,预后严重,甚至死亡。一、脑血循环和代谢特点:正常成人平均脑重1,400～1,600克,约占体重的2～2.5%,而脑的耗氧量却占全身总耗氧量的20%,大部分的氧用于葡萄糖的氧化。葡萄糖是脑能量的主要来源,脑所需的葡萄糖量占葡萄糖总消耗量的17%。脑血流量约占心脏搏出量的1/6。故脑是人体新陈代谢最旺盛、耗氧量最高的一个器官。脑对缺氧最为敏感,缺氧10秒就可意识丧失,缺氧15秒就可出现几分钟的昏迷,缺氧3分钟可致数日昏迷。缺氧时间越长,脑损害越重,预后也越严重。在完全无氧的情况下,大脑皮质细胞生存的时间不超过8分钟。
Cerebral hypoxia and cerebral edema are critical illness often encountered in clinical rescue, and should take the prompt decision to take urgent and effective measures to prevent its development. Otherwise, the prognosis is severe and even death. First, the cerebral blood circulation and metabolic characteristics: normal adult brain weight average 1,400 ~ 1,600 grams, accounting for about 2 to 2.5% of body weight, while the brain oxygen consumption accounts for 20% of the total body oxygen consumption, most of the oxygen used to Oxidation of glucose. Glucose is the main source of brain energy, which accounts for 17% of the total glucose consumed. Cerebral blood flow accounts for about 1/6 of stroke volume. Therefore, the brain is the most powerful human metabolism, the highest oxygen consumption of an organ. Brain most sensitive to hypoxia, hypoxia 10 seconds can be loss of consciousness, hypoxia 15 seconds there can be a few minutes of coma, hypoxia 3 minutes can cause several days of coma. Hypoxia longer, more severe brain damage, the prognosis is more serious. In complete absence of oxygen, cerebral cortical cells survive for no more than 8 minutes.