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最近已经发现形状记忆合金在第一次变形后,经加热和连续冷却,还可获得一种可逆形变——二路记忆效应。有几种合金因为能表现出异乎寻常的形状记忆效应而出名,这就是所谓形状记忆合金。例如一根记忆合金弯棒,受热时变直了,这个过程被称作一路形状记忆效应。叫作一路是因为它只有在加热时才发生形状变化(冷却时该金属棒仍然是直的);说它形状记忆是因为该合金记得它原先的形状,并在加热时能变回去。这种变形也能做功。二十多年前人们已经知道了这种记忆效应,但到了1962年,在对镍钛合金的记忆效应进行观察的同时,记忆合金在技术上所具的有趣性能。才开始成为有用之物。
It has recently been found that shape memory alloys can also obtain a reversible deformation-two-way memory effect by heating and continuous cooling after the first deformation. Several alloys are famous for their unusual shape-memory effects, the so-called shape memory alloys. For example, a memory alloy bent rod, straightened when heated, this process is called all the way to shape memory effect. All the way because it changes shape only when heated (the metal rod is still straight when cooled); it says shape memory because the alloy remembers its original shape and can change back when heated. This deformation can also do work. More than two decades ago, people knew about this memory effect, but by 1962, while remembering the memory effect of nickel-titanium alloys, the memory alloy was technologically interesting. Began to be useful.