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医院中心供氧站的高压氧气如果只经一级减压直接输送到病区及手术室,这样输出的氧气压力只能调节到某一个特定的值。实际应用中,病房终端用氧压力只需0.2~0.3MPa,而手术室由于要使用麻醉机、呼吸机,则终端用氧压力却需要0.4~0.5MPa,一般只好将一级减压出口压力调到0.5MPa,才能达到手术室用氧压力的要求。但这样一来普通病房供氧压力过高,超出了某些湿化瓶规定的安全使用压力,会造成湿化瓶使用不安全。另外,整个系统如果用氧气量大,手术室离供氧站远,则系统压力损失大,会造成手术室供氧压力下降,造成供氧不稳定。再就是整个系统只用一级减压,则系统的配管较复杂,配管难度大和配管成本高。总之,只有一级减压的系统达不到使用氧气的最佳分配。我们在医院中心供氧系统的工程设计中,从中心供氧站一级减压器出口到病房终端的管路间增设了二级减压过渡装置,该装置的原理如下图所示。
High-pressure oxygen in the hospital’s central oxygen supply station is delivered directly to the ward and the operating room via a single decompression, so that the oxygen pressure output can only be adjusted to a specific value. In practical applications, oxygen pressure at the ward terminal is only 0.2~0.3MPa. However, because the anesthesia machine and ventilator are used in the operating room, the oxygen pressure at the terminal needs 0.4~0.5MPa. Generally, it is necessary to adjust the pressure of the first-stage decompression outlet. To 0.5MPa, the oxygen pressure in the operating room can be achieved. However, as a result, the oxygen pressure in general wards is too high, which exceeds the pressure for safe use prescribed by certain humidified bottles, which may cause unsafe use of humidified bottles. In addition, if the entire system uses a large amount of oxygen and the operating room is far from the oxygen supply station, the pressure loss of the system will be large, which will cause the oxygen supply pressure of the operating room to drop, resulting in unstable oxygen supply. Then, the entire system uses only one level of decompression, so the piping of the system is more complicated, and the piping is difficult and the cost of piping is high. In summary, systems with only one level of decompression do not achieve the optimal distribution of oxygen. In the engineering design of the hospital’s central oxygen supply system, a secondary decompression transition device was added between the primary oxygen reducer outlet of the central oxygen supply station and the ward terminal’s pipeline. The principle of this device is shown in the figure below.