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Abstract：
Since 2013，the orientation of tusi （native officials） studies has come to a new horizon. Specifically， it is expressed in four aspects： 1） With regard to the aspect of the studies of tusi institutions and official titles， the benefits sought by tusi institutes， their power structures and operating mechanisms， legal supervision on the power of the tusi institution， etc. all will become the new normal； 2） With regard to the aspect of the studies of tusi system itself， the structure and function of the tusi system， the end of the tusi system， and the special institutions within the tusi system have become a new orientation； 3） With regard to the aspect of tusi governance， its study orientation will come to a new horizon from the angle of national governance， local governance， and frontier governance etc. in tusi areas ； 4） With regard to the aspect of tusi culture， its study orientation will come to a new horizon from the perspective of the theory of tusi culture， tusi historical sites， tusi administrative offices， etc.
This article states that the study of tusi culture should focus on the following aspects： 1）strengthening the theoretical research of the connotation， structure， function， characteristics， value， and role of tusi culture， as well as its relationship with cultural tourism； 2） paying attention to the policies， models， mechanism and measures for effective protection and rational utilization of tusi historical sites in the postheritageapplication period； and 3） Based on an effective protection of tusi administrative offices of different ethnic groups， such as the Lu Clan tusi administration in Yongdeng of Ganshu， the Datun tusi manor in Bijie of Guizhou， xuanfu sishu in Nandian of Yunnan， Mo tusi manor in Xincheng of Guangxi， Zhuokeji tusi village in Maerkang of Sichuan etc.， we should pack the sites together， and apply for a second round of world cultural heritage in the name of “Chinas tusi Administrations”.
Key Words：tusi studies； orientation； new horizons
References：
Cheng Zhenming.lun tusi wenhua de jiegou（On the Structure of Tusi Culture）. In Journal of Zhunyi Normal Institute，2016（5）.
Cheng Zhenming.tusi zhidu yu xinan bianjiang zhili yanjiu（A Research of Tusi System and Governance of Southwest Frontier）. Beijing： shehui kexue wenxian chubanshe，2016.
Chi Yusong.gaituguiliu hou tujiazu shehui zhili yanjiu（On the Social Governance of Tujia People after Implemention of the Gaituguiliu Policy）. In Shanxi Archives，2016（4）. Dai Yuelin.liangshan yizu tusi wenhua tanjiu—yi ganluoxian tianba diqu weili（Exploration on the Tusi Culture of the Yi in Liangshan—Taking Tianbao Area of Ganluo County as a Case Study）. Doctoral Dissertation， Minzu Uinversity of China，2015.
Fang Yuemeng.qing chao qianqi dui nanfang tusi diqu de fazhi tongzhi（Legal Rule of Tusi Areas in the South in the Early Stage of the Qing dynasty）. Doctoral Dissertation， Yunnan University， 2015.
Ji Gang. Yunnan tusi sishu jianzhu xingzhi jiqi wenhua neihang yanjiu—yi nandian he menglian xuanfusishu weili（A Study on the Architectural Form and Cultural Connotation of the Tusi Administration in Yunnan—Taking Xuanfu Tusi Adminstration of Nandian and Menglian as a Case Study）. Doctoral Dissertation， Kunming University of Science and Technology. 2013.
Kong Hanxin，Wu Danni. lun tusi zhili bianjiang zhong xinan shaoshu minzu zongjiao wenhua de zuoyong（On the Role of Southwest Ethnic Minorities Religious Culture in Tusis Governance of Frontier）. In Qianghai National Studies，2016（3）.
Li Liangpin，Wu Xiaolin. lun mingqing shiqi tusi zhidu de goucheng—xueli cengmian de quanshi（On the Constitution of Tusi System in the Ming and Qing Periods—Intepretation from the Academic Level）. In Forum of the Three Gorges，2016（3）.
Li Liangpin. tusi zhidu zhongjie de sange biaozhi（Three Sighs of the End of the Tusi System）. In Journal of Jishou University，2015（5）.
Li Liangpin，Yuan Yaqin.tusi wenhua jieding，tedian yu jiazhi（Identification，Characteristics and Value of Tusi Culture）. In Journal of Zhunyi Normal Institute，2016（4）.
Li Liangpin. tusi shiqi xinan diqu tubin zhidu yu junshi zhanzheng yanjiu（A Research of the Local Soldier System and Military Wars in Southwest China during the Tusi Period）. Chongqing：chongqi chubanshe，2013.
Li Min. tusi xilie yichan de guoneiwai tonglei yichan de duibi fenxi（A Comparative Study on the Similar Heritages of at Home and Abroad）. In Chinas Cultural Heritage （Special Issue on Tusi Historical Site），2014（6）.
Li Shiyu. shilun “tusi wenhua ”de dingyi yu neihan（The Definition and Connotation of “Tusi Culture”）. In Journal of Zhunyi Normal Institute，2016（2）.
Li Xiling. mingqing shiqi xincheng tusi difang zhili de yanjiu（A Research of Xincheng Tusis Regional Governance in the Ming and Qing Periods）.Doctoral Dissertation，Jishou University，2016.
Ling Chunsheng.zhongguo bianzheng zhi tusi zhidu（Tusi System in Chinas Frontier Politics）. In Frontier Politics，1943（11-12），1944（1-2）. Liu Yanyue. “neizai biancui” yu quanli boyi： shiliu shiji guizhou tusi de bianqian yanjiu—yi guizhou xuanweishi anguoxiang wei zhongxin（“Internal Frontier and Power Games”： Change of Guizhou Tusi in the 16th Century—Focus on Xuanweishi An Guoxiang of Guizhou）. Doctoral Dissertation，Nanjing University，2013.
Long Xianqiong. Lishi renleixue shiyexia de tusi yizhi—yi yongshun laosicheng wei duixiang（Historical Site of Tusi in the Perspective of Historical Anthropology—Taking Laosicheng in Yongshun as a Case Study）. In Journal of Jishou University，2014（3）.
Luo Weiqing.tusi wenhuan de bianji jieding（Identification of the Bordor of Tusi Culture）. In Journal of Zhunyi Normal Institute，2016（2）.
Peng Furong. Wujiang liuyu tusi wenhua shulue（Brief Introduction to Tusi Culture in Wujiang Drainage Area）. In Journal of Yangtze Normal Institue，2016（1）.
Peng Furong，Li Juan. Yetan tusi wenhua de neihan（On the Connotation of Tusi Culture）. In Journal of Zhunyi Normal Institute，2016（4）.
Pu Yao.diguo bianyuan de quanli yu shehui—maozhou qiangzu tusi yanjiu（Right and Society on the Edge of Empire—A Research of Qiang Tusi in Maozhao）. Doctoral Dissertation，Guangxi Normal University，2015.
She Yize. zhongguo tusi zhidu（Tusi System of China）.Nanjing：zhengzhong shuju，1944.
Song Na. lun “jiaguo tonggou”geju xia de tusi zhili fangshi—yi bozhou yangshi tusi wei kaocha zhongxin（On the Tusu Governance Pattern under the Framework of “FamilyState with the Same Structure”—Focus on the Yang Clan Tusi of Bozhou）. In Journal of Yangtze Normal University，2016（2）.
Wang Xianshui. Tusi yizhi de huotai baohu—yi laosicheng weili（Living Protection of Tusi Historical Site—Taking Laosicheng as a Case Study）.Doctoral Dissertation，Hunan Normal University，2016.
Wu Mouwei.wenhua yicun yu difang hudong：hailongtun tusi wenhua yicun de lishi renleixue yanjiu（Interaction between Cultural Relics and the Place： Study on the Tusi Cultural Relics in Hailongtun from the Perspective of Historical Anthropology）. Doctoral Dissertation， Southwest University，2015.
Yang Tingsuo. shilun tusi zhidu zhongjie de biaozhi（On the Sigh of the End of the Tusi System）. In Journal of Yunnan Normal University，2012（3）.
Zeng Chao.yongshunsi de quanli fuzhi yanjiu（A Research of the Power of Yongshuisi）. In Journal of Yangtze Normal University，2016（5）.
Zeng Chao.youyangsi quanshang wenti yanjiu（A Research of the Ringht and Reward of Youyangsi）. In Journal of Hubei University for Nationalities，2016（5）.
Zeng Chao.youyangsi quanli fuzhi jixiao yanjiu（A Research of the Right and Performance of Youyangsi）. In Journal of Chongqing Normal University，2016（6）.
Zhao Xiuwen. yongdeng liancheng lutusi lishi wenhua ziyuan jiqi lvyou kaifa（Yongdeng Liancheng Lu Tusi Historical Cultural Resources and the Tourism Development）. Doctorial thesis， Northwest Normal University，2007.
Zhu Qiang.minguo shiqi de dehong tusi yu bianjiang zhili yanjiu（A Research of Dehong Tusi and Frontier Governance）. Doctoral Dissertation， Yunnan University，2015.
Since 2013，the orientation of tusi （native officials） studies has come to a new horizon. Specifically， it is expressed in four aspects： 1） With regard to the aspect of the studies of tusi institutions and official titles， the benefits sought by tusi institutes， their power structures and operating mechanisms， legal supervision on the power of the tusi institution， etc. all will become the new normal； 2） With regard to the aspect of the studies of tusi system itself， the structure and function of the tusi system， the end of the tusi system， and the special institutions within the tusi system have become a new orientation； 3） With regard to the aspect of tusi governance， its study orientation will come to a new horizon from the angle of national governance， local governance， and frontier governance etc. in tusi areas ； 4） With regard to the aspect of tusi culture， its study orientation will come to a new horizon from the perspective of the theory of tusi culture， tusi historical sites， tusi administrative offices， etc.
This article states that the study of tusi culture should focus on the following aspects： 1）strengthening the theoretical research of the connotation， structure， function， characteristics， value， and role of tusi culture， as well as its relationship with cultural tourism； 2） paying attention to the policies， models， mechanism and measures for effective protection and rational utilization of tusi historical sites in the postheritageapplication period； and 3） Based on an effective protection of tusi administrative offices of different ethnic groups， such as the Lu Clan tusi administration in Yongdeng of Ganshu， the Datun tusi manor in Bijie of Guizhou， xuanfu sishu in Nandian of Yunnan， Mo tusi manor in Xincheng of Guangxi， Zhuokeji tusi village in Maerkang of Sichuan etc.， we should pack the sites together， and apply for a second round of world cultural heritage in the name of “Chinas tusi Administrations”.
Key Words：tusi studies； orientation； new horizons
References：
Cheng Zhenming.lun tusi wenhua de jiegou（On the Structure of Tusi Culture）. In Journal of Zhunyi Normal Institute，2016（5）.
Cheng Zhenming.tusi zhidu yu xinan bianjiang zhili yanjiu（A Research of Tusi System and Governance of Southwest Frontier）. Beijing： shehui kexue wenxian chubanshe，2016.
Chi Yusong.gaituguiliu hou tujiazu shehui zhili yanjiu（On the Social Governance of Tujia People after Implemention of the Gaituguiliu Policy）. In Shanxi Archives，2016（4）. Dai Yuelin.liangshan yizu tusi wenhua tanjiu—yi ganluoxian tianba diqu weili（Exploration on the Tusi Culture of the Yi in Liangshan—Taking Tianbao Area of Ganluo County as a Case Study）. Doctoral Dissertation， Minzu Uinversity of China，2015.
Fang Yuemeng.qing chao qianqi dui nanfang tusi diqu de fazhi tongzhi（Legal Rule of Tusi Areas in the South in the Early Stage of the Qing dynasty）. Doctoral Dissertation， Yunnan University， 2015.
Ji Gang. Yunnan tusi sishu jianzhu xingzhi jiqi wenhua neihang yanjiu—yi nandian he menglian xuanfusishu weili（A Study on the Architectural Form and Cultural Connotation of the Tusi Administration in Yunnan—Taking Xuanfu Tusi Adminstration of Nandian and Menglian as a Case Study）. Doctoral Dissertation， Kunming University of Science and Technology. 2013.
Kong Hanxin，Wu Danni. lun tusi zhili bianjiang zhong xinan shaoshu minzu zongjiao wenhua de zuoyong（On the Role of Southwest Ethnic Minorities Religious Culture in Tusis Governance of Frontier）. In Qianghai National Studies，2016（3）.
Li Liangpin，Wu Xiaolin. lun mingqing shiqi tusi zhidu de goucheng—xueli cengmian de quanshi（On the Constitution of Tusi System in the Ming and Qing Periods—Intepretation from the Academic Level）. In Forum of the Three Gorges，2016（3）.
Li Liangpin. tusi zhidu zhongjie de sange biaozhi（Three Sighs of the End of the Tusi System）. In Journal of Jishou University，2015（5）.
Li Liangpin，Yuan Yaqin.tusi wenhua jieding，tedian yu jiazhi（Identification，Characteristics and Value of Tusi Culture）. In Journal of Zhunyi Normal Institute，2016（4）.
Li Liangpin. tusi shiqi xinan diqu tubin zhidu yu junshi zhanzheng yanjiu（A Research of the Local Soldier System and Military Wars in Southwest China during the Tusi Period）. Chongqing：chongqi chubanshe，2013.
Li Min. tusi xilie yichan de guoneiwai tonglei yichan de duibi fenxi（A Comparative Study on the Similar Heritages of at Home and Abroad）. In Chinas Cultural Heritage （Special Issue on Tusi Historical Site），2014（6）.
Li Shiyu. shilun “tusi wenhua ”de dingyi yu neihan（The Definition and Connotation of “Tusi Culture”）. In Journal of Zhunyi Normal Institute，2016（2）.
Li Xiling. mingqing shiqi xincheng tusi difang zhili de yanjiu（A Research of Xincheng Tusis Regional Governance in the Ming and Qing Periods）.Doctoral Dissertation，Jishou University，2016.
Ling Chunsheng.zhongguo bianzheng zhi tusi zhidu（Tusi System in Chinas Frontier Politics）. In Frontier Politics，1943（11-12），1944（1-2）. Liu Yanyue. “neizai biancui” yu quanli boyi： shiliu shiji guizhou tusi de bianqian yanjiu—yi guizhou xuanweishi anguoxiang wei zhongxin（“Internal Frontier and Power Games”： Change of Guizhou Tusi in the 16th Century—Focus on Xuanweishi An Guoxiang of Guizhou）. Doctoral Dissertation，Nanjing University，2013.
Long Xianqiong. Lishi renleixue shiyexia de tusi yizhi—yi yongshun laosicheng wei duixiang（Historical Site of Tusi in the Perspective of Historical Anthropology—Taking Laosicheng in Yongshun as a Case Study）. In Journal of Jishou University，2014（3）.
Luo Weiqing.tusi wenhuan de bianji jieding（Identification of the Bordor of Tusi Culture）. In Journal of Zhunyi Normal Institute，2016（2）.
Peng Furong. Wujiang liuyu tusi wenhua shulue（Brief Introduction to Tusi Culture in Wujiang Drainage Area）. In Journal of Yangtze Normal Institue，2016（1）.
Peng Furong，Li Juan. Yetan tusi wenhua de neihan（On the Connotation of Tusi Culture）. In Journal of Zhunyi Normal Institute，2016（4）.
Pu Yao.diguo bianyuan de quanli yu shehui—maozhou qiangzu tusi yanjiu（Right and Society on the Edge of Empire—A Research of Qiang Tusi in Maozhao）. Doctoral Dissertation，Guangxi Normal University，2015.
She Yize. zhongguo tusi zhidu（Tusi System of China）.Nanjing：zhengzhong shuju，1944.
Song Na. lun “jiaguo tonggou”geju xia de tusi zhili fangshi—yi bozhou yangshi tusi wei kaocha zhongxin（On the Tusu Governance Pattern under the Framework of “FamilyState with the Same Structure”—Focus on the Yang Clan Tusi of Bozhou）. In Journal of Yangtze Normal University，2016（2）.
Wang Xianshui. Tusi yizhi de huotai baohu—yi laosicheng weili（Living Protection of Tusi Historical Site—Taking Laosicheng as a Case Study）.Doctoral Dissertation，Hunan Normal University，2016.
Wu Mouwei.wenhua yicun yu difang hudong：hailongtun tusi wenhua yicun de lishi renleixue yanjiu（Interaction between Cultural Relics and the Place： Study on the Tusi Cultural Relics in Hailongtun from the Perspective of Historical Anthropology）. Doctoral Dissertation， Southwest University，2015.
Yang Tingsuo. shilun tusi zhidu zhongjie de biaozhi（On the Sigh of the End of the Tusi System）. In Journal of Yunnan Normal University，2012（3）.
Zeng Chao.yongshunsi de quanli fuzhi yanjiu（A Research of the Power of Yongshuisi）. In Journal of Yangtze Normal University，2016（5）.
Zeng Chao.youyangsi quanshang wenti yanjiu（A Research of the Ringht and Reward of Youyangsi）. In Journal of Hubei University for Nationalities，2016（5）.
Zeng Chao.youyangsi quanli fuzhi jixiao yanjiu（A Research of the Right and Performance of Youyangsi）. In Journal of Chongqing Normal University，2016（6）.
Zhao Xiuwen. yongdeng liancheng lutusi lishi wenhua ziyuan jiqi lvyou kaifa（Yongdeng Liancheng Lu Tusi Historical Cultural Resources and the Tourism Development）. Doctorial thesis， Northwest Normal University，2007.
Zhu Qiang.minguo shiqi de dehong tusi yu bianjiang zhili yanjiu（A Research of Dehong Tusi and Frontier Governance）. Doctoral Dissertation， Yunnan University，2015.