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布朗斯特酸碱质子理论中对酸和碱的定义分别是:酸是能给出质子的物质;碱是能接受质子的物质.如HA(酸)≒H~++A~-(碱)中的HA和A~-就称为共轭酸碱对.由共轭酸碱对组成的混合溶液(如醋酸和醋酸钠,氨水和氯化铵等)中离子浓度的比较,是历年高考的热点和难点.这类问题在以往教学中经常是给出一些定性的结论,学生往往限于死记硬背,而不能彻底理解.新课程的教材中引入了电离平衡常数,通过平衡常数进行定量计算,就可以明确讨论出由共轭酸碱对组成混合溶液中离子浓度
The definitions of acids and bases in the theory of Brønsted acid-base proton are as follows: an acid is a substance that gives a proton; an alkali is a substance that can accept a proton such as HA ≒ H ~ ++ A ~ In the HA and A ~ - is called the conjugate acid-base pairs by the conjugate acid-base composition of the mixed solution (such as acetic acid and sodium acetate, ammonia and ammonium chloride, etc.) in the ion concentration comparison is over the years Hot issues and difficult points in the past teaching such problems often give some qualitative conclusions, students are often confined to rote but can not completely understand the introduction of the new curriculum materials ionization equilibrium constant, calculated by the equilibrium constant, It is possible to explicitly discuss the concentration of ions in the mixed solution by the conjugate acid-base pair