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目的了解本院泌尿系统大肠埃希菌感染状况和耐药性变迁,指导临床合理用药。方法将本院2013年1月—2015年12月尿培养大肠埃希菌阳性者按性别、年龄、是否产超光谱β-内酰胺酶(extended spectrum beta-lactamases,ESBLs)、是否产碳青霉烯酶计算阳性率,了解感染状况,计算该菌三年耐药率,分析耐药性变迁。结果连续三年女性感染比例分别为63.67%、58.23%、73.43%,均远高于男性(36.33%、41.77%、26.57%),≥70岁年龄组感染比例均在60%以上。庆大霉素三年耐药率有下降趋势,头孢他啶和呋喃妥因耐药率均有所上升,产ESBLs大肠埃希菌耐药率明显高于非产ESBLs株。结论临床医生应合理规范应用抗生素,以期减少产ESBLs大肠埃希菌的检出率。
Objective To understand the urinary system Escherichia coli infection and drug resistance changes in our hospital, to guide clinical rational use of drugs. Methods According to sex, age, extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), whether or not to produce Penicillium oryzae Enzyme to calculate the positive rate, understand the infection status, calculate the three-year drug resistance rate of the bacteria, analysis of drug resistance changes. Results The rates of female infections in three consecutive years were 63.67%, 58.23% and 73.43%, respectively, much higher than those in males (36.33%, 41.77%, 26.57%). The three-year gentamicin resistance rates showed a downward trend. The rates of resistance to ceftazidime and nitrofurantoin increased, and the rates of ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli were significantly higher than those of non-ESBLs-producing strains. Conclusion Clinicians should reasonably regulate the use of antibiotics in order to reduce the detection rate of Escherichia coli producing ESBLs.