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经济增速放缓、人口老龄化造成众多国家的公共养老金财务平衡危机。面对这一危机,不同的国家选择了不同的养老金改革之路。有的国家选择对公共养老金体系进行一体化的改革;有的国家选择对公共养老金制度本身进行彻底的改革。在这些不同的改革形式下,有着不同的推进改革的内在福利因素的作用。本文以美国、日本、瑞典三国公共养老金改革为例,尝试分析三种福利因素的特点及其各自对于公共养老金改革过程和结果的影响。
Economic growth slowed down and the aging population caused a financial crisis in public finances in many countries. In the face of this crisis, different countries have chosen different paths for pension reform. Some countries choose to carry out integrated reform of the public pension system; some countries have opted for a thorough reform of the public pension system itself. Under these different forms of reform, there are different internal welfare factors that promote reforms. This article takes the public pension reform in the United States, Japan and Sweden as an example to analyze the characteristics of the three kinds of welfare factors and their respective influences on the public pension reform process and the result.