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相对于Chomsky提出的语法能力,Hymes提出了交际能力这一概念。之后这一概念被其他学者讨论与重新定义。最有代表性的是Coulthard,他指出交际能力是指运用语言进行沟通的能力,涉及语言使用知识与语篇知识。大多数的人甚至是语言学家误认为交际只发生在口语而并不在阅读,听力和写作中体现。然而,Harmer认为交际能力是一个复杂的概念,听、说、读、写四种技能都涉及交际能力的培养。本文重在介绍如何在阅读中提高学生的交际能力以及提高交际能力中的两项项基本技能———即语法能力和社会语言能力。
Compared to the grammatical competence proposed by Chomsky, Hymes proposed the concept of communicative competence. After this concept was discussed and redefined by other scholars. The most representative is Coulthard, who pointed out that communicative competence refers to the ability to use language to communicate, involving language use knowledge and discourse knowledge. Most people, even linguists, mistakenly believe that communication occurs only in spoken language and is not reflected in reading, listening and writing. However, Harmer believes that communicative competence is a complex concept. The four skills of listening, speaking, reading and writing all involve the cultivation of communicative competence. This article focuses on two basic skills in improving students’ communicative competence and communicative competence in reading - grammar and social language skills.