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目的了解深圳地区5种主要腹泻病毒的流行状况、分布特征和病原学特点。方法收集2014年4月—2015年12月市级哨点医院的腹泻粪便标本,采用多重荧光PCR方法进行病毒检测,应用描述性流行病学方法对监测结果进行分析。结果共采集腹泻粪便标本600份,病毒核酸阳性130份,检出率为21.67%,诺如病毒核酸阳性株检出率最高,为62份(10.33%),其次是轮状病毒、星状病毒、札如病毒和腺病毒;其中札如病毒核酸阳性检出率男女差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);各年龄段均有腹泻病毒核酸检出,1~4岁组和30~39岁组腹泻病毒核酸的总检出率最高,分别为34.38%(22/64)和29.59%(29/98),>60岁组检出率最低为11.94%(8/67);流行病学资料显示,深圳市全年各月份均有病毒性腹泻发生,1月、2月和3月的检出率较高,而8月份的检出率最低。结论深圳市病毒性腹泻全年均可发生,各年龄组男女均可感染,2014—2015年深圳市的优势病毒是诺如病毒II型和轮状病毒,5岁以下婴幼儿是腹泻病毒监测的重点人群。
Objective To understand the prevalence, distribution and etiological characteristics of five major diarrhea viruses in Shenzhen. Methods The diarrhea stool samples from April 2014 to December 2015 in municipal sentinel hospitals were collected. The viruses were detected by multiplex fluorescence PCR. The descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the surveillance results. Results A total of 600 samples of diarrhea stool samples were collected, 130 were positive for virus nucleic acid, the detection rate was 21.67%. The detection rate of Norovirus positive samples was the highest (10.33%), followed by rotavirus, astrovirus , Sapporo virus and adenovirus. Among them, the detection rate of Sapporo virus positive rate was statistically significant (P <0.05). The detection rate of nucleic acid of diarrhea virus in all age groups was 1 to 4 years old and 30 to 39 years old The highest detection rate of nucleic acid of the group of diarrhea virus was 34.38% (22/64) and 29.59% (29/98), respectively. The lowest detection rate was 11.94% (8/67) in the group of> 60 years old. The epidemiological data Showed that viral diarrhea occurred in all months of the year in Shenzhen City, with a higher detection rate in January, February and March, and the lowest detection rate in August. Conclusion The occurrence of viral diarrhea in Shenzhen may occur all year round, with infection of both genders in all age groups. The predominant viruses in Shenzhen in 2014-2015 are Norovirus type II and rotavirus, and infants younger than 5 years are monitored by the diarrhea virus Key people.