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矿业是我国的主要产业,在我国国民经济中扮演着重要的角色,国民经济建设91%以上的能源和70%以上的原材料都来源于矿产资源。我国现有国有矿山9000多座,乡镇集体和个体矿山26万多个,由于矿产所引起新建的矿业城市300多座,从业人员2000多万,我国已成为世界上第三大矿业大国。矿产是不可再生的自然资源,而我国的矿区则是贫矿多,富矿少,矿产人均资源占有量少,不足全球人均水平的一半。四十多年来,我国矿产生产由于缺少科学性,加之经济体制的影响,致使矿业的发展面临着极大的挑战。首先,矿业的生产危及生态环境,诸如引起地面塌陷及下降,大量侵占与破坏土地,每年以200平方公里的速度增加,废水废液的污染,污染空气,破坏地下水,诱发地震灾害等等;其次,矿区的社会环境恶化,随着计划经济向市场经济的转变,地方主义、本位主义的膨胀,导致各种纠纷频繁发生。除此以外,矿区的经济效益每况愈下,矿区的社会负担越来越重。总之,资源因素、资金短缺、效益低和环境制约是我国矿区面临的重大问题,在这种背景下,我国的矿业发展只有走经济和社会的协调发展之路,下面就我国矿区的经济社会的协调发展问题谈些观点。
Mining is a major industry in our country and plays an important role in our national economy. More than 91% of the national economy and 70% of the raw materials are sourced from mineral resources. There are more than 9,000 state-owned mines in our country, more than 260,000 collectively-owned and individual mines in villages and towns. As a result of the mineral mining caused by more than 300 newly-built mining cities and more than 20 million employees, our country has become the third largest mining power in the world. Minerals are non-renewable natural resources, while mine areas in our country are mostly poor lean mines, with few rich mines and less mineral resources per capita, less than half of the global average. Over the past 40 years, due to the lack of scientific and mineral production in China, coupled with the impact of the economic system, the mining industry faces great challenges. First of all, the production of mining endangers the ecological environment, such as causing ground subsidence and descent, massive encroachment and destruction of land, an annual increase of 200 km2, pollution of waste and effluent, air pollution, groundwater destruction, earthquake-induced disasters and so on; , The social environment of the mining area deteriorated. As the planned economy transformed into a market economy, the expansion of localism and selfishness led to frequent occurrence of various disputes. In addition, the economic benefits of the mining area are deteriorating and the social burden of the mining area is getting heavier and heavier. In short, the resource factors, shortage of funds, low efficiency and environmental constraints are major issues facing the mining area in this context, the development of China’s mining industry only take the coordinated development of economy and society, following the economic and social mine in our country Talk about coordinated development issues.