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从土壤－作物－大气系统出发，采用最新公认的Ｐｅｎｍａｎ－Ｍｏｎｔｅｉｔｈ潜在蒸散业务计算方法，并考虑底墒和灌溉因素，计算了华北地区各点多年小麦土壤水分平衡，在此基础上，以各发育阶段实际蒸散与农田最大蒸散的差值衡量小麦水分亏缺程度，分析了水分亏缺的时空变化规律及其与小麦干旱的关系；本研究有助于小麦干旱的分布规律、监测及影响评估研究，并可为合理利用水资源，促进农业持续发展提供依据。
Based on the soil-crop-atmosphere system, the Penman-Monteith potential evapotranspiration calculation method was adopted and the soil moisture balance of many years in North China was calculated with the consideration of soil moisture content and irrigation factors. Based on this, The difference between the actual evapotranspiration and the maximum evapotranspiration of farmland is a measure of the degree of water deficit in wheat. The spatial-temporal variation of water deficit and its relationship with drought are analyzed. The research is helpful to the research on the distribution, monitoring and impact assessment of wheat drought, And it can provide the basis for the rational utilization of water resources and the sustainable development of agriculture.