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一、序言化学家很早就有人工合成橡胶的想法,19世紀中叶查明了天然橡胶的結构单位是异戊二烯,接着从松节油制得了异戊二烯,后用鈉聚合。研究工作继续扩充到其他二烯烃。后来,苏联C.B.列別杰夫終于找到了从酒精制造丁二烯的工业化方法,于1932年开始大規模生产丁鈉橡胶,从此开始了合成橡胶的历史。此后,在第二次世界大战初,德国和美国开始生产丁苯橡胶以及其他以丁二烯为主的共聚物,用共聚方法来改善聚丁二烯的性能。异戊二烯的用途一直很少,只少量用在异丁橡胶中。其原因一則是单体来源不易,二則从它未能制得性能良好的橡胶。随着合成橡胶的发展,发現聚合条件、聚合方法对聚合物性
I. Preface Chemists have long had the idea of synthetic rubber. In the middle of the 19th century, it was ascertained that the structural unit of natural rubber is isoprene, and then isoprene was produced from turpentine, followed by sodium polymerization. Research continues to expand to other diolefins. Later, the Soviet Union C.B. Lebedev finally found an industrialized approach to the production of butadiene from alcohol, beginning large-scale production of sodium butyrate rubber in 1932, beginning the history of synthetic rubber. Since then, at the start of World War II, Germany and the United States started the production of styrene-butadiene rubber and other butadiene-based copolymers, using copolymerization to improve the performance of polybutadiene. The use of isoprene has been very low, only a small amount of the use of butyl rubber. One of the reasons is that monomer source is not easy, two from it failed to produce good performance rubber. With the development of synthetic rubber, polymerization conditions were found, and the polymerization method was based on polymer properties