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目的：观察紫杉醇脂质体对肺间质纤维化模型大鼠转化生长因子（TGF-茁1）表达的影响。方法120只SD大鼠随机分为空白对照组、模型组、强的松组和紫杉醇低、中、高剂量组，每组20只。通过气管内注射博莱霉素建立肺纤维化模型，静脉给予紫杉醇脂质体，以酶联免疫吸附试验法检测TGF-茁1含量，探讨紫杉醇脂质体影响TGF-茁1的作用机制。结果实验第7、14、21、28天紫杉醇低、中、高剂量组TGF-茁1含量均低于模型组（P<0.05）；第7、14、21、28天紫杉醇高剂量组TGF-茁1含量低于强的松组（P<0.05）。结论紫杉醇脂质体可能通过调节肺间质纤维化模型大鼠肺组织TGF-茁1含量，防止肺纤维化形成。“,”Objective To investigate the influence of paclitaxel liposome on the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in rats model of pulmonary fibrosis. Methods One hundred and twenty SD rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, prednisone group, and paclitaxel liposome groups (n=20 in each group). The model of pulmonary fibrosis was induced by intratracheal injection of bleomycinum. Paclitaxel liposome was given intravenously. The concentration of TGF-β1 was determined by ELISA. Results On day 7, 14, 21, and 28, the concentration of TGF-β1 in various doses of paclitaxel liposome groups was lower than that of model group (P<0.05). On day 7, 14, 21, and 28, the concentration of TGF-β1 in high-dose paclitaxel liposome group was lower than that of prednisone group (P<0.05). Conclusion Paclitaxel liposome may prevent pulmonary fibrosis by down-regulating TGF-β1 in rats.