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目的探讨家庭经济状况对居民膳食营养素摄入及膳食结构的影响。方法采用多阶段分层与人口比例概率抽样方法,以家庭为抽样单位进行入户调查,用称重法收集居民连续3d调味品消费量,用24h膳食回顾法记录连续3d内个人食物摄入量,根据《中国食物成分表2004》计算每标准人日各类营养素的摄入量,运用Access建立数据库,采用SPSS 12.0进行统计分析。结果共获得有效问卷1 523份,有60.3%的家庭人均年收入低于20 000元;随着家庭人均年收入的增加,每标准人日摄入的谷类呈递减趋势,而薯类、豆类、水果、奶类和蛋类的摄入量增加(P<0.05),膳食纤维、维生素A、维生素E、钙、钾、铁和硒摄入量递增(P<0.05),钠摄入量递减(P<0.05),来源于谷类、碳水化合物的能量及来源于谷类的蛋白质比例逐渐减少,脂肪供能比增加。结论家庭经济状况与居民营养素摄入和膳食结构密切相关。
Objective To investigate the impact of family economic status on dietary nutrient intake and dietary structure of residents. Methods Using multi-stage stratification and population proportion probability sampling method, household samples were taken as household samples for household surveys. Residents’ consumption of 3-d condiments was collected by weighing method. Personal food intake , According to “China Food Composition Table 2004” to calculate the daily intake of various types of nutrients, using Access to establish a database using SPSS 12.0 for statistical analysis. Results A total of 1 523 valid questionnaires were obtained, with 60.3% of the families having annual per capita income of less than 20,000 yuan. With the annual per capita income increasing, the cereal intake per standard person day showed a decreasing trend, while that of potato and beans (P <0.05). The intake of dietary fiber, vitamin A, vitamin E, calcium, potassium, iron and selenium increased (P <0.05), while the intake of sodium decreased (P <0.05). The energy derived from cereals, carbohydrates and the proportion of protein derived from cereal decreased gradually, and the ratio of fat to energy increased. Conclusion The family economic status is closely related to nutrient intake and dietary structure of residents.