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症状判断是护士认知技能的体现，但必须要有坚实的理论基础和丰富的临床经验，方能在病情的动态变化中判断准确，措施得力。本文对２３４１例住院病人的护理观察进行了调查分析，出现明显病情变化的１０４例中，护士判断准确７８例，判断错误１２例。以典型病例从表与里，视与知，知与能等方面对护士的认知技能进行了剖析，从中得出加强理论学习，改变知识结构，强化临床观察中的整体护理是提高护士认知技能的重要方法。
Symptoms are the embodiment of cognitive skills of nurses, but they must have a solid theoretical basis and rich clinical experience in order to be able to judge accurately and effectively in the dynamic changes of the condition. This article investigated the nursing observations of 2341 inpatients. Of the 104 patients with obvious changes in condition, 78 were accurate in the nurses’ judgment and 12 were misjudged. In a typical case, the nurses’ cognitive skills were analyzed from the aspects of table and in, knowledge and knowledge, knowledge and ability, etc. From this, it was concluded that strengthening the theoretical study, changing the knowledge structure, and strengthening the overall nursing in clinical observation is to improve nurses’ cognition. The important method of skills.