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目的:了解南通市学龄前儿童气质的分布特点及其影响因素。方法:在南通市随机选择4所不同等级的幼儿园,以无慢性疾病和两周内无呼吸、消化系统疾病的3~7岁1102例学龄前儿童作为观察对象,采用中国3~7岁儿童气质量表对被检儿童进行气质测查,比较不同等级幼儿园儿童的气质类型存在的差异;用儿童行为量表(CBCL)中国标准化版测查被检儿童不同气质类型行为问题总分及人数,并分析儿童行为问题对儿童气质的影响;用自制儿童生活环境调查表调查被检儿童生活环境因素,并分析这些因素对儿童气质的影响。结果:4家幼儿园平易型(E型)、中间近平易型(I-E型)均占大多数,分别占总数的45.4%和45.6%;被检儿童不同性别气质类型差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);被检儿童气质维度方面,男童和女童仅在活动水平上存在统计学差异(t=2.055,P<0.05)。被检儿童行为问题总分平易型儿童得分明显低于其他4种类型;其中以麻烦型气质儿童发生行为问题的比例明显高于平易型气质儿童(P<0.05);4家幼儿园儿童在节律性、适应性、反应强度及情绪本质上差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),省示范幼儿园气质特点偏消极的儿童比例明显低于三类幼儿园(P<0.05);省示范幼儿园与三类幼儿园在母亲文化程度、主要抚养人与早教方面差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:南通市学龄前儿童的气质特征和中国常模基本相同,南通市学龄前儿童气质类型没有年龄和性别差异,但在气质维度方面男童和女童在活动水平上存在统计学差异,气质与儿童行为问题、母亲文化程度、主要抚养人与是否接受早期教育等密切相关。
Objective: To understand the distribution and influencing factors of preschool children’s temperament in Nantong. Methods: Four different grades of kindergartens were randomly selected in Nantong City. 1102 preschool children aged 3-7 years without chronic diseases and no respiratory and digestive diseases within two weeks were selected as the observation objects. The children aged 3-7 years Quality table to be inspected children temperament test to compare the temperament types of different grades of kindergarten children exist differences; children’s behavior scale (CBCL) China standardized version of the children were examined for different temperament types of behavioral problems of the total score and the number of Analyze the impact of children’s behavior problems on children’s temperament; investigate the environmental factors of children’s seizures by using self-made questionnaire of children’s living environment; and analyze the influence of these factors on children’s temperament. Results: The four types of kindergarten were plain type (E type) and middle type (type IE), accounting for 45.4% and 45.6% of the total, respectively. There was no significant difference in the genders among the tested children > 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in activity level between boys and girls (t = 2.055, P <0.05). Children with behavioral problems in the total score of Pingyi-type score was significantly lower than the other four types; Among them, trouble-temperament children with behavioral problems was significantly higher than the Pingyi temperament children (P <0.05); 4 kindergarten children in rhythm (P <0.05). The proportion of children with negative demonstrational temperament in the provincial demonstration kindergarten was significantly lower than that of the three types of kindergartens (P <0.05). The provincial model kindergartens and three types of kindergartens There was a significant difference in maternal education level, major dependents and early education (P <0.05). Conclusion: The temperament characteristics of Nantong preschool children are basically the same as that of Chinese norm. The temperament types of Nantong preschool children have no difference in age and gender. However, the temperament dimensions of boys and girls have statistical difference in activity level. Children’s behavioral problems, mother’s educational level, major dependents and whether they receive early education are closely related.