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目的:了解吸毒人员丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染情况及其高危因素,为此特殊人群提出针对性防控措施提供依据。方法:2005～2008年在江苏省部分戒毒所、劳教所按照随机原则设立7个监测哨点,并按照监测哨点的监测要求对每年4～6月新关押的2811例吸毒人员进行整群抽样,对调查对象进行问卷调查,并采集静脉血液标本,用ELISA法检测抗-HCV抗体。调查数据经复核后录入计算机,应用SPSS11.5统计软件进行汇总与分析。结果:2811例调查对象共检测出抗-HCV抗体阳性957例,感染率为34.0%。其中男性HCV感染率为35.1%,女性感染率为29.2%,男性HCV感染率明显高于女性(χ2=6.32,P<0.05)。调查人群年龄范围为18～74岁,不同年龄组抗-HCV抗体阳性率总体呈现两头低、中间高,最高年龄组为30～39岁组,组间差异有统计学意义(χ2=65.31,P<0.01)。本省籍与外省籍以及不同婚姻状况之间HCV感染率差异不显著。通过注射方式吸毒、通过钱或毒品交易与他人发生过性行为、性行为时不使用安全套等为HCV感染的危险因素。结论:吸毒人群中抗-HCV抗体阳性率远远超过自然人群的感染率,说明该人群存在着丙肝传播与流行的危险因素,是丙肝防治的重点人群。对吸毒人群的高危行为应实施更有针对性的健康教育和行为干预综合防治措施。
Objective: To understand the status of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among drug addicts and their risk factors, and to provide evidences for targeted prevention and control measures for this special population. Methods: From 2005 to 2008, some detoxification centers and labor camps in Jiangsu Province established 7 monitoring sentinels according to the random principle. According to the monitoring requirements of sentinel surveillance, 2811 drug users newly detained each year from June to June were enrolled in a cluster sampling , Questionnaires were surveyed, venous blood samples were collected, and anti-HCV antibodies were detected by ELISA. After the survey data were entered into the computer review, the application of statistical software SPSS11.5 summary and analysis. Results: A total of 957 anti-HCV antibodies were detected in 2811 subjects, the infection rate was 34.0%. Among them, the infection rate of HCV in males was 35.1%, the infection rate in females was 29.2%, and the infection rate in males was significantly higher than that in females (χ2 = 6.32, P <0.05). The age range of the survey population was 18-74 years old. The positive rate of anti-HCV antibodies in different age groups showed two low and middle high, the highest age group was 30-39 years old group, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 65.31, P <0.01). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of HCV among the province’s nationality, foreign nationality and marital status. Drug abuse through injection, sexual intercourse with others through money or drug trafficking, sexual activity without the use of a condom as a risk factor for HCV infection. Conclusion: The positive rate of anti-HCV antibodies among drug users far exceeds the infection rate of the natural population, indicating that there is a risk factor for the spread and epidemic of hepatitis C in this population. More targeted health education and behavioral interventions should be implemented at high risk behaviors among drug users.