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粘土在地表沉积层中分布极广。粘土矿物的定量研究已在估价粘土矿床的工业价值,解决许多地质问题等方面显示出重要的意义。X 射线衍射仪是解决粘土矿物定量分析的主要手段,具有速度快、精度较高的优点。本文介绍了利用 X 射线衍射仪进行定量分析的四种方法,即:(1)基体冲洗法,(2)绝热法,(3)联立方程法,(4)峰强对比法。对沉积物中常见的若干粘土矿物进行了定量实验研究,并对该四种方法作了对比和讨论。
Clay is very widely distributed in sediments. The quantitative study of clay minerals has shown great significance in evaluating the industrial value of clay deposits and solving many geological problems. X-ray diffractometer is the main method to solve the quantitative analysis of clay minerals, with the advantages of fast speed and high precision. In this paper, four methods for quantitative analysis using X-ray diffractometer are described: (1) substrate washing method, (2) adiabatic method, (3) simultaneous equations method, and (4) peak intensity comparison method. Several clay minerals commonly found in sediments were quantitatively studied, and the four methods were compared and discussed.