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为了观察小于胎龄儿(SGA)脑的发育,对在我院住院的59例SGA在出生后进行了颅脑超声的检查。其中22 例也进行了脑CT检查。检查发现SGA脑异常的发病率明显高于正常对照组。异常发现包括,室管膜下或脑室内有小囊泡(25例,42.3％),脑室增大(17例,28.8％),小脑发育不良(7例,11.9％),脑有钙化灶(6例,10.2％)。CT表现脑白质密度降低。随访时发现,室管膜下或脑室内囊泡大多在6个月时消失,但一些婴儿脑室增大及钙化灶仍存在。随访至18个月,部分婴儿体格生长仍落后,10例婴儿死亡,5例有明显体格及智能发育异常。作者认为SGA脑发育异常较高原因可能与其在胎内生长障碍有关,对SGA在出生后应常规进行颅脑影像学检查,可早期发现患儿脑发育异常,及时进行干预,可减少胎内生长不良对脑发育的影响,这对SGA出生后脑的发育是十分重要的。
To observe the development of brain in SGA, 59 SGA patients hospitalized in our hospital were examined for brain ultrasound at birth. Twenty-two of these patients also underwent brain CT examination. Check found that the incidence of SGA brain abnormalities was significantly higher than the normal control group. Abnormal findings included small vesicles (25 cases, 42.3%) under the ependymal or intracerebroventricular ventricles, enlarged ventricles (17 cases, 28.8%), cerebellar hypoplasia (7 cases, 11.9%), calcification of the brain 6 cases, 10.2%). CT showed decreased white matter density. During follow-up, most of the vesicles in the ependymal or intracerebral compartment disappeared at 6 months, but some infants showed enlarged ventricles and calcification. Follow-up to 18 months, part of the baby’s physical growth is still behind, 10 infants died, 5 cases of significant physical and mental retardation. The authors believe that the reason of abnormal brain development in SGA may be related to its growth retardation in the fetus. SGA should be routinely brain imaging after birth, early detection of brain dysplasia in children, timely intervention, can reduce the poor growth of the fetus The effects of brain development, which is important for the development of the brain after SGA birth.