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充当社会良心的知识分子,不仅只有其自身在观念上迥然不同于现存的政治权势和意识形态,而且必须在经济上摆脱对现存的政治权势的仰赖,获得独立自足的经济基础,才能坚持理想主义,维持独立人格和发挥社会批判精神。古代中国知识分子的理性自我界定,确乎要求自己承担起社会良心的角色,维护人格之尊严,并展开“议论”和规谏,从道义上制约政治权势。但实现或践行这个自我定义,前提就是要有起码的经济基础。在农耕社会里,“耕”这种最基本的经济来源就是普遍的选择了,而这种方式也代
Intellectuals acting as social consciences can adhere to idealism not only by their very different concepts from the existing political power and ideology, but also from the economic dependence on existing political power and the attainment of an independent economic foundation , Maintain an independent personality and give play to the spirit of social criticism. The rational self-definition of the ancient Chinese intellectuals indeed demanded that they should assume the role of social conscience, maintain the dignity of their personality, and expand “discussion ” and remonstrance, to impose moral constraints on political power. However, to achieve or practice this self-definition, the premise is to have a minimum economic basis. In a farming society, the most basic source of income such as “farming” is a universal choice, and this approach also means