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电影史著中对“抗战电影”的界定一直是较为含糊的,由此也带来对其历史文化价值判断的分歧与困扰。本文综合历史的、文化的、地理的多种因素明确抗战电影概念,并将抗战电影放在中国电影发展史的纵向坐标上考察其文化价值。战争一方面对电影生产机制造成了破坏,同时也使得中国电影格局重新分化组合,为战后及新中国成立后中国电影机构分布、新观众群培育和电影人才储备奠定了良好的基础。从内容上看,抗战电影采用现实主义手法反映时代背景,丰富与深化了中国电影的表现主题;在文化功能上,抗战电影脱离之前电影所集中的启蒙、娱乐、教化等多种功能,转为突出以服务“救亡”为目标的政治宣传功能,开创了中国政治电影的传统,极大地影响了建国后的电影走向,在新时期以来的“主旋律”影片中仍有传承;从艺术风格上看,抗战电影借鉴“左翼”电影十年积累的丰硕成果,结合抗战的时代要求,形成了纪实性、大众化、通俗化、民族化的特色,成为日后中国主流电影的宝贵财富。
The definition of “Anti-Japanese War Movies ” in the history of the movie has always been rather ambiguous, which also brings about the disagreement and confusion over the historical and cultural value judgments. Based on a variety of historical, cultural and geographical factors, this paper clarifies the concept of war film and examines its cultural value on the vertical coordinate of the history of Chinese film development. The war, on the one hand, undermined the mechanism of film production and at the same time caused the reintegration and reorganization of the Chinese film pattern, laying a good foundation for the distribution of Chinese film organizations, new audiences and talent reserve after the founding of the People’s Republic of China. From the content point of view, the anti-Japanese film uses the realism approach to reflect the background of the times, which enriches and deepens the performance theme of Chinese movies. On the cultural function, the anti-Japanese film has many functions such as enlightenment, entertainment, Highlighting the function of political propaganda aimed at serving “Salvation” and opening up the tradition of Chinese political film, which has greatly influenced the trend of the film after the founding of the People’s Republic of China and has inherited the “main theme” in the new era; from In terms of artistic style, the war movies draw on the fruitful achievements accumulated in the past ten years of “left-wing” films and combine with the requirements of the anti-Japanese war to form the documentary, popularization, popularization and nationalization features and become the precious wealth of the mainstream Chinese films in the future .