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在印度,地下水是人类用水的主要来源。它不仅提供了对城市和郊区的饮用水,而且担负了一半灌溉水。近年来,人们对地下水的需求仍在不断增长。目前,由于农药对地下水的污染导致了对健康的影响,同时要估测这些污染物的生态毒性等亦十分困难,故其成了主要的环境问题之一。农药一旦污染了地下水,要采取补救就十分困难且费用昂贵。 农药在印度的应用 近几年来印度的农药的生产和消费在持续增长(表1)。其使用的多为有机氯农药,如六六六、滴滴涕和有机磷农药马拉硫磷、甲基对硫磷,另外久效磷和硫丹也被广泛应用。在
In India, groundwater is the main source of human water. It not only provides drinking water to cities and suburbs, but also takes up half of the irrigation water. In recent years, people’s demand for groundwater is still growing. At present, it is also one of the major environmental problems because of the health effects of pesticide contamination of groundwater and the difficulty of assessing the ecotoxicity of these pollutants. Once contaminated groundwater pesticides, to remedy it is very difficult and expensive. Application of Pesticides in India The production and consumption of pesticides in India has continued to grow in recent years (Table 1). Most of its use of organochlorine pesticides, such as BHC, DDT and organophosphorus pesticides malathion, methyl parathion, the other long-acting phosphorus and endosulfan are also widely used. in