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以全国高等职业院校人才培养工作状态数据为基础,基于新制度经济学的视角,从理论和实证两方面论证了办学主体差异对校企双方的校企合作的影响。研究发现,组织结构上“离企业越近的高职院校”与企业合作水平越高。具体来说,第一,行业或企业举办的高职院校无论在校企合作深度还是广度上都存在普遍优势;第二,行业主管部门举办的高职院校在实习时间和质量保障上优势更加明显;第三,教育部门举办的高职院校更需要与企业、行业建立订单培养合作;第四,院校等级和办学条件对校企合作影响不显著。在上述结论的基础上,提出加快治理结构改革、改变政府对院校财政支持方式等建议。
Based on the state-of-the-art personnel training work in higher vocational colleges and the perspective of new institutional economics, this paper demonstrates the impact of differences in school running on the cooperation between schools and enterprises based on the theory and evidence. The study found that the higher the level of cooperation with the enterprises in the organizational structure is, the “higher vocational colleges closer to the enterprises” are. Specifically, firstly, higher vocational colleges held by industries or enterprises have universal advantages both in terms of depth and breadth of school-enterprise cooperation. Second, higher vocational colleges held by industry authorities have advantages in terms of internship time and quality assurance Thirdly, higher vocational colleges organized by education departments need to establish cooperation with enterprises and industries to cultivate orders. Fourthly, the influence of college grade and school conditions on the cooperation between schools and enterprises is not significant. Based on the above conclusions, this paper puts forward some suggestions such as speeding up the reform of the structure and changing the government’s financial support to the institutions.