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一 “着”(zhe)表示一种体(aspect),而体是(动词)内在时间结构的语法表现。因此,分析“着”的基本语法意义,必须先根据动词的内在时间结构,给动词作时相(phase)分类。 语言学界至今沿用的是起讫点时相分类法。起讫点时相分类法把一个变化分为起点(onset)、过程(nucleus)、讫点(coda)三个部分(其中过程指从起点到讫点)。西方语言学家运用起讫点时相分类法探讨了欧美语言中动词的时相分类,即根据有无起点、过程、讫点所作的动词分类,解释了欧美语言的体的含义,在语言学界产生了很大影响。我国学者也试图利用起讫点分类法进行汉语动词的时相分类,以解决汉语的体的含义。结果,时相分类是做出来了,但是用这种方法做的时相分类,并不适用于阐释汉语“了”、“着”等的含义,仍无助于解决汉语的体的问题。
A “zhe” means an aspect, and the body is a grammatical representation of the internal temporal structure of (verb). Therefore, to analyze the basic grammatical meanings of “著”, we must first classify the verbs according to the internal temporal structure of the verbs. Linguistics has so far been using the phase classification method. Starting and ending points The phase classification divides a change into three parts: onset, nucleus and coda (the process refers to the starting point to the ending point). Western linguists explore the temporal classification of verbs in European and American languages by using the phase classification method from beginning to end point, that is to say, classifying the verbs according to their origin, process and destination points, and interpreting the meaning of the European and American languages in linguistics A great impact. Chinese scholars also try to use the starting and ending point classification to classify the Chinese verbs in order to solve the meaning of the Chinese body. As a result, the phase classification is done, but the phase classification by this method is not suitable for interpreting the meaning of the Chinese “a”, “an”, etc., and still does not help solve the problem of Chinese body.