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随着现代短跑运动的不断发展和日益提高,短跑技术越来越来完善,更加符合了解剖学、生理学和运动生物力学等原理,以最好的实效性和经济性来完成动作。然而整个身体高度协调,肌肉完全放松是完成动作经济性、节省化和效率化的基础,因为在短跑中的肌肉放松可以促使运动员在跑的过程中肌肉收缩与放松按照最经济实效的技术规格要求协调的进行,从而充分利用这一能源物质,尽量地减少了不必要的能量消耗,从而最大限度地发挥机体的最大能量,并可以将获得的最佳速度维持到较长时间。肌肉放松在短跑中的重要地位已引起国外学者、教练的很高的重视,并取得一定程度的成果。从现在国内有关短跑训练的资料来看,我们的许多学者和教练也都认识到放松技术在短跑中的重要意义,可是在青少年短跑运动员的训练的过程中,有很多基层教练员重视的程度还不够,而且在怎样培养运动员的放松能力方面缺少以定的经验和有效的训练手段和方法。为了探讨怎样才能有效地提高青少年短跑运动员的放松能力,本文使根据运动员自身的一些技术、技能、放松能力状况又从技术、身体素质、心理素质三个方面去提高青少年短跑运动员的放松能力。
With the continuous development and increasing of modern sprint movement, sprint technology is more and more perfect, more in line with the principles of anatomy, physiology and sports biomechanics, with the best effectiveness and economy to complete the action. However, a high degree of coordination throughout the body and complete relaxation of the muscles are the cornerstone of economic, economical and efficient movement, as muscle relaxation during the sprint can encourage athletes to contract and relax during muscle run in accordance with the most cost-effective technical specifications Coordinated to make full use of this energy material, minimize unnecessary energy consumption, so as to maximize the body’s maximum energy, and can get the best speed to maintain a long time. Muscle relaxation in the dash in an important position has attracted foreign scholars, coaches, a high degree of attention and achieved some level of results. Judging from the current domestic information on sprint training, many of our scholars and coaches also recognize the importance of relaxation techniques in sprint. However, during the training of young sprinters, many grassroots coaches also pay more attention to this Not enough, but also lack of experience and effective training methods and methods in how to cultivate the athlete’s relaxation ability. In order to explore how to effectively improve the relaxation ability of young sprinters, this paper aims at improving the relaxation ability of young sprinters from the aspects of technical, physical and psychological qualities according to their own skills, skills and ability to relax.