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许多人把现实主义当作中国戏曲的创作传统,我以为这是一种误解。产生这种误解,是由于人们在考察历史的戏曲创作现象时,片面地注重了古典戏曲表现的生活内容,而忽视了它在表现这些内容时所遵循的艺术原则,所采用的根本方法。现实主义并不是一个题材范畴,而是一种创作方法。它以艺术描写的写实性和艺术形象的典型性为主要特征,要求“按照生活本来的样式去描写生活”。据此来审视和验证传统的戏曲创作,我们对“中国戏曲的现实主义创作传统”就不能不表示怀疑。中国戏曲的创作传统是由它一直遵循的艺术原则所决定、由它历代相承的创作方法所体现的。认真分析和总结古典戏曲的创作方法,是正确认识中国戏曲传统的前提和途径。明代著名戏曲理论家王骥德指出:“剧戏之道,出之贵实,而用之贵虚。”(《曲律杂论》)这是对中国戏曲艺术规律的揭示,也是对古典戏曲创作方法的总结。尽管在中国文化思想中,“虚”“实”是极宽泛极空灵的概念,但从戏曲创作的角度看,我们还
Many people regard realism as the tradition of Chinese opera creation. I think this is a misunderstanding. The reason for this misunderstanding is that when people consider the historical phenomenon of drama creation, they unilaterally focus on the life content of the performance of the classical opera, while neglecting the basic method adopted by the art principles it follows in the performance of these contents. Realism is not a topic category, but a creative method. It features the portrayal of artistic portrayals and the typicality of artistic images as the main features, requiring “to describe life according to the original style of life.” Based on this, we can not but doubt and doubt the traditional Chinese opera creation by examining and verifying the traditional Chinese opera creation tradition. The tradition of Chinese opera creation is determined by the artistic principles that it always follows and is embodied by the creative methods it inherits from generation to generation. It is a prerequisite and way to correctly understand the tradition of Chinese opera by carefully analyzing and summarizing the methods of creation of classical opera. The well-known opera theorist Wang Jide in the Ming Dynasty pointed out: “The way of the play, the exalted value, and the use of your worthiness.” This is the revelation of the law of Chinese opera and the method of creating classical opera Summary. Although the concept of “imaginary” and “reality” in the Chinese cultural thought is extremely broad and elusive, from the point of view of drama creation, we also