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目的了解急性盆腔炎的致病因素及病原微生物的特点,为临床治疗及预防提供科学依据。方法采用调查表、病例分析及病原体培养药敏试验进行病例对照研究,盆腔炎患者和无盆腔炎的健康者各120例。结果性传播疾病史、经期卫生不良、流产史、无避孕措施等均为盆腔炎的危险因素,OR值均大于1,这些因素与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);而宫内节育器能够降低盆腔炎的危险度(OR=0.29);病原体耐药率较高,对青霉素类耐药率为59.33%,对大环内酯类耐药率为82.03%。结论盆腔炎大多为混合性感染,应及早联合大剂量用药并注意巩固疗效防止复发;预防本病应加大卫生宣传力度,提高性活跃期妇女卫生知识水平,有效降低本病的患病率。
Objective To understand the pathogenic factors of acute pelvic inflammatory disease and the characteristics of pathogenic microorganisms, providing scientific basis for clinical treatment and prevention. Methods A case-control study was conducted with questionnaire, case analysis and drug sensitivity test of pathogen culture. 120 patients with pelvic inflammatory disease and 120 healthy people without pelvic inflammatory disease were studied. Results The history of sexually transmitted diseases, poor menstrual hygiene, history of miscarriage and no contraception were the risk factors of pelvic inflammatory disease. The odds ratios (OR) were all higher than 1. The differences were statistically significant (P <0.01). The IUD was able to reduce the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (OR = 0.29). The rate of pathogen resistance was high, the rate of resistance to penicillin was 59.33%, and the rate of resistance to macrolide was 82.03%. Conclusions Most of pelvic inflammatory disease is mixed infection. It should be combined with high-dose medication as soon as possible and pay attention to consolidate the curative effect to prevent recurrence. To prevent this disease, we should intensify the publicity of health and improve the hygiene knowledge of women during sexually active stage, effectively reducing the prevalence of this disease.